Code genes for virulence (toxins), reproduction, survival and antibiotic resistance
Small circular DNA
Replicates independently
Codes for resistance genes
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What is the function of flagella?
Promote taxis towards source (carbon or light)
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What are some external flagella examples?
Monotrichous: one - vibrio
Amphitrichous: one at each end - spirillum
Lophotrichous: many at each end - pseudomonas
Peritrichous: all over: E coli
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What is Borellia?
Spiral flagella inside the bacterial cell
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What is the function of fimbriae and pili?
Attachment to cell surfaces, conjugation and transfer of DNA between bacteria
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Generate energy and new material to allow growth
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What is the function of capsules?
Provide outer protection against immune attack and toxic environments.
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What does glycocalyx allow?
Colony and biofilm formation
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What are some features of gram negative bacteria?
Stain pink
Extra outer membrane with integral lipopolysaccharides
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What are some features of gram positive bacteria?
Stains purple
Thick peptidoglycan layer integral with lipoteichoic acid
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What are some features of Acid fast bacteria?
Thick outer layer of mycolic acid liked by arabino-galactans
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What is specific to mycoplasma pneumoniae?
No cell wall
No staining
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What is the function of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)?
Offer structural stability, immune stimulators
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What is the function of efflux pumps?
Remove toxins and antibiotics from cytoplasm
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What is the function of sensing receptors?
Detect cytoplasmic ligands, control cell wall functions
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What is the function of the transporters?
GTP or H+ driven, active transport of selective metabolites
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What is the function of porins?
Allows specific molecules (carbon sources) to enter cell wall
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What is bacillus shape and what are the benefits of this shape?
Rod shape
Flatness increases contact, length reduces liquid sheer
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What is coccus shape and what are the benefits of this shape?
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