russia was too big to rule. In 1913 , it stretched 4,000 miles from Europe to Alaska, and comprised 125 million people
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backward
russia was backward. it had few roads and limited industrialisation. most people were still peasants
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weak
russia was military weak. it had lost war with japan in 1904
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disunited
russia had many different nationalities, languages and religions.
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autocracy
the government of russia, which nicholas ruled over alone, was far too much work for one man
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proletariat
Russia was industrialising and the workers, eg in St Petersburg, were poor and oppressed. On Bloody Sunday 1905, they went on a peaceful march to ask the tsar to help them, but the Cossacks attacked them.
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bourgeois
the representatives of the new middle class industrialists. They called themselves the Kadets and wanted Russia to have a constitution like England's. In 1905, there was a revolution and they managed to force Nicholas to create a Duma (parliament), b
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revolutionaires
for instance, the Social Revolutionaries and the Marxists - split into the Mensheviks who wanted peaceful change and the Bolsheviks who wanted a revolution - committed acts of terrorism such as the murder of Prime Minister Stolypin in 1911.
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cossaks
Peasants from southern Russia who were renowned for their military skill - they were later employed by the Tsar.
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Card 2
Front
backward
Back
russia was backward. it had few roads and limited industrialisation. most people were still peasants
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