an area of land drainde by a river and its tributaries
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Long profile change
Shows how its gradient changes downstream. put simply in upland areas
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Cross profile
The shape of the valley from one side across to the other of a river as it flows downstream
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Two types of erosion
vertical and lateral
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hydraulic action
The forceo f the water hitting the river bed and banks. Most effective when water is moving fast
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Abrasion
The load carried by the river hits the bed or banks, dislodging particles
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attrition
stones carried by the river knock against each other, becoming smaller
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Solution
Alkaline rocks e.g. limestone rocks dissolved by slightly acidic river water
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processes of transportation
solution, suspension, traction and saltatation
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solution
dissolved load
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suspension
small sediment held in the river
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traction
large particles rolled on the river bed
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saltation
bouncing of particles too heavy to be suspended
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deposition
large rocks mainly transported by traction are only carried short distances
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Interlocking spurs
A mountain stream erodes vertically creating a v-shaped valley. It winds around the resistant rock to create interlocking spurs which jut out into the valley
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waterfalls
as a river flows downstream it crosses different rock types. More resistant rocks are less easily eroded
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gorges
is a narrow, steep-sided valley found downstream of a retreating waterfall
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Meanders
are bends in the river found mainly in lowland areas. They constanly change shape and position
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floodplains
are wide, flat areas on either side of a river in its middle and lower courses.
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leeves
form when, in low flow, depositon raises the river bed so the channel cant carry as much water.
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estuaries
An estuary is where the river meets the sea. they are affected by the tides
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Shows how its gradient changes downstream. put simply in upland areas
Back
Long profile change
Card 3
Front
The shape of the valley from one side across to the other of a river as it flows downstream
Back
Card 4
Front
vertical and lateral
Back
Card 5
Front
The forceo f the water hitting the river bed and banks. Most effective when water is moving fast
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