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6. What is target hardening based around?

  • More severe punishment
  • Targeting particular social groups
  • Less serious punishment
  • More serious punishment for more serious crime

7. Which two explanations contradict themselves?

  • 1 + 3
  • 1 + Zero tolerance policing
  • 1 + 2
  • 2 + 3

8. Who proposes broken windows theory as a form of protection?

  • Wilson and Herrstein
  • Felson
  • Wilson and Kelling
  • Murray

9. What is individual's rational choice to offend also known as?

  • Individual rationality theory
  • Rational confirmation theory
  • Rational choice theory
  • Decision rationality theory

10. How do they criticise other theorists?

  • They are not logical
  • They are not detailed enough
  • They are not practical
  • They are not ethical