What types of crust are there and how thick are they?
Continental crust (30km) and Oceanic crust at 5km thick
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How do tectonic plates move?
By convection currents
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What are the four layers of the Earth?
Crust (0-60km thick), Mantle (made of hard rock at top and soft rock at bottom), Outer core (liquid-made of iron and nickel), and Inner Core (solid-5,500 degrees Celsius)
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What are the three plate margins called and what do they do?
Constructive-make land by plates moving AWAY from one another, Destructive (usually between continental and oceanic crust) where oceanic (because it's denser) is submerged, Conservative (between two continental plates) and SLIDE PAST ONE ANOTHER,
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How are fold mountains formed?
Sediments deposit on sea bed and when two plates move towards one another, the sediments get compressed in the GEOSYNCLINE to form folded sediments-fold mountain
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What is the epic-centre?
The part inside the Earth where the earthquake occurs
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What is the focus?
Is the point on the Earth's surface where the earthquake is most felt
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What are seismic waves?
What is produced by the earthquake and felt as tremors
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What is the Richter Scale?
A scale based on the MAGNITUDE of the earthquake and goes up by powers of 10
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What is the Mercalli scale?
A scale based on HUMAN OPINION based on the destruction caused-measured in Roman Numerals from I-XII
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What are the features of a shield volcano?
Has regular and frequent eruptions, runny lava, wide base, made of lava only, produces BASIC LAVA (thin and runny which solidifies quickly), and produces toxic gas
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What are the feature of a composite volcano?
Has subsidiary cones, made of lava and ash, has vicious lava, tall cone, steed sides, narrow base, irregular eruptions, long dormant periods and produces ACID LAVA (rich in silica and solidifies slowly)
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What are the effects of a volcano?
Pyroclastic flow, lava flow and poisonous gas
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What is a tsunami?
Is when an underwater earthquake occurs and one of the oceanic plates are made to go upwards due to the release of friction caused, which causes the sea to bulge upwards, creating a huge swell of water-tsunami
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How do tectonic plates move?
Back
By convection currents
Card 3
Front
What are the four layers of the Earth?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the three plate margins called and what do they do?
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