The fusion of the male and female gametes- there's a mixture of genetic informations in the offspring
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What is asexual reproduction?
No fusion is needed between the male and female gametes is needed- there's no mixing of genetic information in the offspring
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In what methods can plants be cloned?
Cuttings and tissue culture
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What are the advantages of taking cuttings?
New plants can be produced quickly and cheaply, the new plants are genetically identical to the the parent plant
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What does tissue culture require?
A small group of cells that can be grown in a Petri dish and grown using either artificial or natural minerals and nutrents
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What are the two methods of cloning mostly used on animals?
Embryo Transplanting and Adult Cell Cloning
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What does embryo transplanting involve?
Splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into the surrogate mother
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What does adult cell cloning involve?
The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell The nucleus from an adult body cell (eg skin cell) is then inserted into the egg cell. An electric shock then causes the egg cell to begin to divide to form embryo cells. These embryo cells contain
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ans
the same genetic information as the adult cell. When the embryo has developed into a ball of cells, it is then inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue it's development
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What happens in genetic engineering?
Genes from the chromosomes of humans and other organisms can be 'cut out' using enzymes and transferred to cells of other organisms
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What are GM crops?
Genetically modified crops
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What are some concerns about GM crops?
They may have effects on wild flowers and insects, and we don't know if they can be poisonous to humans
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is sexual reproduction?
Back
The fusion of the male and female gametes- there's a mixture of genetic informations in the offspring
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