a haploid cell (only contains half the genetic information-23chromosones)
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what are the gametes found in animals?
sperm and egg cells
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what are the gametes found in plant cells?
pollen and egg cells
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how are gametes produced?
through meosis
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what does sexual reproduction involve?
the fusion of male and female gametes
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what are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
-half the genetic information comes from each parent (23 chromosomes from each)
-this causes variation in offspring gives them a survival advantage by natural selection
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what are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
-mate needed
-takes longer/ less efficient
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what does asexual reproduction involve?
one parent that produces genetically identical offspring (clones) through mitosis
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what are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
-more efficient (both time and energy)
-faster
-if conditions are good, many offspring can be produced rapidly
-can be used to produce lots of the same good crop
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what are the disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
-genetically identical offspring means that the entire population could die if conditions are unfavorable
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what are the main differences between mitosis and meiosis?
mitosis: two identical daughter cells with 46 chromosomes are produced
meiosis: 4 genetically different (haploid) cells with 23 chromosomes each are produced
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where does meiosis take place?
only in the reproductive organs (ovaries and testicles)
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where does mitosis take place?
all over the body for growth and repair
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what are the 4 main steps to mitosis?
-parent cell with 46 chromosomes
-each chromosome replicates
-one set of chromosomes moves to each end of the cell
-nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane divide creating 2 identical daughter cells
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what are the 6 main steps to meiosis?
-diploid cell (2 copies of each chromosome)
-each chromosome replicates
-chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
-cell divides for the first time
-copies now separate and second cell division takes place
-4 haploid cells (gametes) each with half the
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