Renal 8- Acid base imbalances: part 2

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E.g. loss of stomach acid through vomiting. representing a net gain of bicarbonate, resulting in what?
metabolic alkalosis
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E.g. breathing unaided at high altitude. initiated by hyperventilation, i.e. venting too much carbon dioxide in exhaled air. This elicits a fall in blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (hypocapnia) and, as before, a rise in the ratio of bicarbonate anion
respiratory alkalosis
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what is an example example related to an excess of an acidic drug. This translates to a change (a net loss) in blood bicarbonate (as it’s consumed in attempting to buffer the acidity. E.g. overdose with an acidic drug
metabolic acidosis
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A type of metabolic acidosis, related to increased acid load, is further characterised as a (HAGMA) stands for what, linked to the disappearance of bicarbonate as a measured anion in the calculation of the anion gap (and an increase in unmeasured anions).
high anion gap metabolic acidosis
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involving the primary loss of bicarbonate anion as in e.g. from the gut in diarrhoea or from the kidney related to the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. This naturally causes the ratio of bicarbonate anion to carbon dioxide to decrease and with it, pH
normal or non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
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E.g. chronic bronchitis, this example initiated by airflow obstruction associated with chronic bronchitis leading to hypoventilation, i.e. venting too little carbon dioxide in exhaled air. This elicits a rise in blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (hype
respiratory acidosis
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Used therapeutically to
enhance excretion of weak acids
improves ionisation, so less reabsorbed
reduce urinary tract inflammation + infection
prevent urate + cystine renal stone formation
increases solubility, so less precipitation. Alkalanisation of the
sodium carbonate
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Card 2

Front

E.g. breathing unaided at high altitude. initiated by hyperventilation, i.e. venting too much carbon dioxide in exhaled air. This elicits a fall in blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (hypocapnia) and, as before, a rise in the ratio of bicarbonate anion

Back

respiratory alkalosis

Card 3

Front

what is an example example related to an excess of an acidic drug. This translates to a change (a net loss) in blood bicarbonate (as it’s consumed in attempting to buffer the acidity. E.g. overdose with an acidic drug

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

A type of metabolic acidosis, related to increased acid load, is further characterised as a (HAGMA) stands for what, linked to the disappearance of bicarbonate as a measured anion in the calculation of the anion gap (and an increase in unmeasured anions).

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

involving the primary loss of bicarbonate anion as in e.g. from the gut in diarrhoea or from the kidney related to the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. This naturally causes the ratio of bicarbonate anion to carbon dioxide to decrease and with it, pH

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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