6. how do osmotic diuretics like mannitol Oppose water reabsorption at multiples sites around nephron
promote sodium loss by disrupting tubular K+ gradients
promote sodium loss by disrupting tubular sodium gradients
promote sodium loss by disrupting tubular calcium gradients
7. A rise in urine osmolarity is caused by osmotic diuretics (increased urine volume), what is the blockade of hormone receptors or ion channels caused by?
K+ sparing diuretics
Ca2+ sparing diuretics
8. blocking what actions in the late renal tubule impacts on the 5% (variable) sodium reabsorption regulated by this hormone, which leaves more sodium in the filtrate; and this translates into a small rise in urine volume (a very low ceiling diuresis).
aldosterone
cortisol
potassium
9. thiazide-like agents include
xipamide
bendroflumethiazide
indapamide
chlortalidone
metolazone
10. Their large scale diuretic effect stems from what. select incorrect answer
disruption to the medullary hyperosmotic (or hypertonic) gradient
non-diuresis
natriuresis
11. what is a mainstream approach to preventing sodium reabsorption and eliciting natriuresis, with attendant diuresis
The inhibition of loop of henle cotransporters i.e. either the NaK2Cl or NaCl cotransporter
The inhibition of tubular ion cotransporters i.e. either the NaK2Cl or NaCl cotransporter
The inhibition of tubular ion cotransporters i.e. either the NaK2Cl2 or NaCl cotransporter
12. which of the following is NOT classed as a K+ sparing diuretic?
eplerenone
amiloride
triamterene
amilamide
spironolactone
13. Loop diuretics, named after their site of action to inhibit NaK2Cl cotransport in the loop of Henle, include what. select wrong drug
lidonemide
bumetanide
furosemide
torasemide
14. loop diuretics can lead to disturbances such as: select untrue answer
