Renaissance Medicine

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What does renaissance mean
rebirth
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How did medicine change in the medieval period
Focused more on direct observation and experimentation
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Humanism
Humans have free rational thought – apart from God and supernatural beings
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Printing Press
1440
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Leoniceno, book on Medieval errors in Latin and arabic translations
1492
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Leonardo Da Vinci
completed 750 anatomical drawings in 'Alberti'
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New world effect on medicine
thousands of new exotic substances incorporated into medicine
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Who was Avicenna
A persian physician who lived between 980 and 1037 AD
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Paracelsus
eccentric swiss scientist who openly opposed Hippocrates, Galen and Avicenna. He even burned a copy of Avicenna's canon
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Paracelsans
Paracelsans trained in other ways or did not have formal training. Encouraged a more scientific approach to medicine
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Zacharias Janssen
Invented the microscope in 1585
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Royal Society
Founded in 1662 and gave funding for experiments
Nullius in verba - take no one's word for it
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College of Physicians
Founded in 1518, encouraged licencing of doctors to counteract rising number of quacks
Preformed dissections
Studied recent medical developments
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Dissolution of Monasteries
1536
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How was anatomy viewed pre-renaissance
Undervalued and little study was done on it
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André Vesalius
- Professor of surgery and anatomy at Padua
- Corrected over 200 of Galens mistakes eg the liver did not have 5 lobes and there were no holes in the septum of the heart
- Encouraged own research
- Public Dissections
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La Fabrica - Vesalius
1543
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Fallopia
- Studied the anatomy of sexual organs
- studied the genitals of 10,000 syphilis sufferers
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On the Valves of Veins - Fallopia
1603
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William Harvey
Blood is not made and burned up by muscles, it circulates around the body
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On the motion of the Heart - Harvey
1628
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What effects did harvey have on medicine
In 50 years his ideas completely replaced Galen's, blood transfusions and complex surgery could be attempted but treatments like purgatives and bloodletting were still used
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Thomas Sydenham
English Hippocrates, Promoted clinical observation.
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Observationes Medicae - Sydenham
1676
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Morgani
different diseases affected different organs, lead to 'Morbid Anatomy'
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John Hunter
Battle field surgeon and psychologist who developed new methods to treat gun shot wounds
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What changed in surgery
Surgeons had to have a licence to practice
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Ambroise Pare
Battlefield surgeon, used roman treatment of egg yolk, turpentine and rose oil to seal gunshot wounds, used ligatures to prevent blood loss. Raised the status of surgery.
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What did Physicians use for Diagnosis
La Practica
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Santoruis
Developed the first body thermometer 1612
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How did treatments change
Used more chemical and herbal remedies – reminiscent of ancient remedies – from the new world.
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Cinchona bark was used to treat...
Malaria
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Mercury was used to treat...
Syphilis
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How did the development of botany change medicine
Started to develop the idea of species somehow linking it to how disease varies
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Who developed the first Pharmecopia
Nicholas Culpeper
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What was significant about the pharmecopia
There was an english translation!
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How many hospitals remained in London
3
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Name the hospitals left in london
St. Bartholomew's, St. Mary le bethlehem, St. Thomas
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What began to change about hospitals
Hospitals were becoming more specialised and medical! e.g one eye hospital in london by 1809
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How were hospitals finances
endowments
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Disadvantages of hospitals in The early modern period
high mortality rates due to lack of cleanliness
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When was the Great plague
1665
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How did try and explain the plague
Magic, religion, superstition, miasma
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How did people try and prevent the plague
Fasting, pomanders, herbs, quarantine, catching syphilis, bodies buried in mass graves, fires in large communal areas like church to ward off miasma
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How did people try and treat the plague
Herbal remedies, transference, thick woollen cloth and lay by a fire
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innoculation
give someone a small dosage of a live pathogen, they would catch the disease but they would also get immunity if they survived – used for smallpox
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Who brought inoculation from Turkey to England in 1717
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
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Smallpox vaccine
1796, Edward Jenner
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What was the impact of Jenner's vaccination
Napoleon got his army vaccinated also vaccination was made compulsory in sweden. But not much change in Britain due to Jenners lack of scientific proof.
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When was vaccination made compulsory for infants
1853
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How did medicine change in the medieval period

Back

Focused more on direct observation and experimentation

Card 3

Front

Humanism

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Printing Press

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Leoniceno, book on Medieval errors in Latin and arabic translations

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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