Skip to content
Back to quiz
6. Define predestination.
- The belief that God has predetermined which souls will be saved and given salvation
- The belief that we all have our own role in life
- The belief that our destiny on earth is already set
7. Why do Functionalists see religion as a conservative force?
- It functions to prevent the fall of the patriarchy
- It functions to maintain social stability and prevent society from disintegrating
- It functions to maintain capitalism and prevent a revolution
8. How, in Marx’s view, does religion maintain capitalist society?
- By creating a collective consciousness
- By legitimising or disguising exploitation and inequality to create false consciousness
- By making the working class believe they are going to hell if they are disobedient
9. In Weber’s view, what is the spirit of capitalism?
- To flaunt wealth in the faces of the poor
- To simply obtain more and more money
- To oppress the working class
10. Who argues that technological change caused the birth of capitalism rather than religious ideas?
- R.H. Tawney
- Kautsky
- Weber
11. Which perspective sees religion as an ideology that legitimises patriarchal power?
- Feminism
- Marxism
- Functionalism
12. In what two ways can religion be seen as a conservative force?
- It upholds traditional beliefs and functions to preserve the status quo
- It prevents the spread of ideas and doesn’t allow for questioning
- The conservative government supports it
13. What did Marx see as the driving force for change?
- Spiritual or abstract factors
- Economic or material factors
- Material factors
14. What creates salvation panic?
- A mixture of predestination and divine transcendence
- A sense of not being good enough; insecurities about your choices
- Invasive thoughts
15. What are the main beliefs of Calvinism?
- Divine transcendence, divination, salvation and constant vigilance
- Predestination, divine transcendence, asceticism, and religious vocation
- Witchcraft, asceticism, and hard work
16. What is the difference between other-worldly asceticism and this-worldly asceticism?
- Other-worldly asceticism refers to methodical work in a monastery, whereas this-worldly asceticism refers to methodical work in an occupation
- Other-worldly asceticism is the belief in heaven, whereas this-worldly asceticism is the belief in purgatory
- Other-worldly asceticism refers to methodical work in occupation, whereas this-worldly asceticism refers to methodical work in a monastery
17. Why does Weber argue that capitalism failed to take off in other societies such as China and India?
- There was a lack of a religious belief system, like Calvinism, that would have spurred its development
- They lacked the industrial power to create such businesses
- They were largely Calvinist countries which meant that almost everyone was successful and there were not enough working-class individuals to exploit
18. Why did Hinduism fail to create capitalism?
- It directed its followers towards material possessions and encouraged them to spend money
- It is other-worldly, directing its followers towards the spiritual world rather than the material one
- It lacked the self-control aspect that Calvinism promoted