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6. Who conducted the experiment showing that in science, theories are rarely changed even if they have been falsified?

  • Cowley & Byrnes (2005)
  • Kahnemann & Tversky (1982)
  • Fugelsgang et al (2004)
  • Tversky & Kahnemann (1974)

7. What is the term for knowledge that is common so it appears to be true, works in multiple contexts and is heavily influenced by the media?

  • Hypothesis testing
  • Conjunction fallacy
  • Availability heuristic
  • Representative heuristic

8. What brain area was activated during inductive reasoning tasks (Goel & Dolan, 2004)?

  • Dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus
  • Left inferior frontal gyrus
  • PFC
  • Cingulate

9. What tests conditional deductive reasoning?

  • Wasons 1-2-3 task
  • Wasons 2-4-6 task
  • Wasons selection task
  • Wasons conditional task

10. Is inductive or deductive reasoning used more in every day life?

  • Both
  • Neither
  • Inductive
  • Deductive

11. What brain area was activated during deductive reasoning tasks (Goel & Dolan, 2004)?

  • Dorsolateral PFC
  • Temporal lobes
  • Left Inferior frontal gyrus
  • Dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus

12. What should the aim of hypothesis testing be?

  • Falsification
  • Creating a theory
  • Proving the hypothesis
  • Disproving the hypothesis

13. Who found evidence of the conjunction fallacy?

  • Kahnemann & Tversky (1982)
  • Fuglesgang et al (2004)
  • Tversky & Kahnemann (1974)
  • Cowley & Brynes (2005)

14. Do we rely on conditional or syllogistic reasoning more?

  • Neither
  • Conditional
  • Both
  • Syllogistic

15. What is deductive reasoning?

  • Inability to draw a conclusion based on limited evidence
  • Drawing definite conclusions based on logic
  • Drawing probable conclusions based on logic
  • Conclusions based on limited knowledge

16. What is somatic marker hypothesis (Domasio et al, 1996)?

  • Emotion influences our reasoning
  • Reasoning operates free of emotions
  • Deductive reasoning is harder than inductive reasoning
  • None of the above

17. What is inductive reasoning?

  • The most simple type of reasoning
  • Conclusions from extensive knowledge that are definitely true
  • Conclusions from limited knowledge that are probably, not definitely true
  • A research technique

18. How do people with high functioning ASD perform on Ravens matrices task (Yamada et al, 2012)?

  • More brain activation but same behavioural performance as controls
  • Less brain activation but same behavioural performance as controls
  • More brain activation but worse performance than controls
  • Less brain activation but worse performance than controls

19. What type of reasoning relies on logical operators (if_ then _)?

  • All types
  • Syllogistic
  • Conditional
  • Inductive

20. What is a test of inductive reasoning?

  • Wasons 1-2-3 task
  • Wasons 2-4-6 task
  • Wasons 3-5-7 task
  • Wasons 3-2-1 task