Radioactivity and Particles 4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? PhysicsRadioactivityIGCSEEdexcel Created by: EllieCreated on: 18-04-13 18:42 What is the nucleas of an atom made up of? protons and neutrons 1 of 26 What orbits the nucleas? electrons 2 of 26 What is an isotope? atoms with a different number of neutrons 3 of 26 What happens if a nucleas is unstable? it emits radiation 4 of 26 What is radioactive decay? When the nucleas of unstable isotopes break down at random 5 of 26 what happens when the nucleas decays? It splits out one or more types of radiation so the nucleas changes to a different element 6 of 26 Where does background radiation come from? earth space and living things 7 of 26 What does nuclear radiation cause? Ionisation 8 of 26 Link radiation to ionisation The further the radiation can penetrate the less ionising it is 9 of 26 What are alpha particles? Helium nuclei 10 of 26 What are beta particles? Electrons 11 of 26 What are gamma rays? EM waves with a short wavelength 12 of 26 What happens in a nuclear equation of alpha emission? atomic number decreases by 2 and the mass number decreases by 4 13 of 26 What happens in a nuclear equation of beta emission? atomic number increases by 1 and the mass number stays the same 14 of 26 What happens in a nuclear equation of gamma emission? It stays the same 15 of 26 What is a half life? the time taken for half of the radioactive atoms now present to decay 16 of 26 What does a short half life mean lots of nuclei decay quickly 17 of 26 State a use of nuclear radiation Medical tracers use beta or gamma radiation, gamma radiation is used in industrial tracers,radioactive dating of rocks and specimins 18 of 26 What are the risks of Nuclear radiation? Alpha radiation will do a lot of localised damage inside the body if inhaled. It can cause mutations and cancer 19 of 26 How can you safely dispose of radioactive waste? sealed in glass blocks put in metal canisters then buried 20 of 26 What is nuclear fission? The splitting of an atom which releases energy 21 of 26 How are nuclear power stations powered? Nuclear reactors carry out nuclear fissions in a controlled chain reaction 22 of 26 What is the critical mass? The smallest amount of uranium needed to keep a chain reaction going 23 of 26 In a nuclear reactor what is the moderators function? Slowing down the neutrons so they can collide and sustain the chain reaction 24 of 26 In a nuclear reactor what is the coolants function? Extracting heat from the reactor 25 of 26 In a nuclear reactor what is the Control rods function? limiting the rate of fission by absorbing excess neutrons 26 of 26
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