Quants

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  • Created by: Rhi765
  • Created on: 22-11-22 20:33
Hypothesis setting is carried out in which research phase
Pre-analysis phase
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Inferential statistics are carried out in which research phase
Principal analyses
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What kind of variable is a person’s body temperature?
Continuous
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A variable that measures the effect that manipulating another variable has is known as a ??? variable
Dependent
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A variable manipulated by a researcher is known as:
An independent variable
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What is the standard deviation?
A measure of the dispersion or spread of data around the mean
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A small standard deviation (relative to the value of the mean itself)
indicates that data points are close to the mean (i.e. the mean is a good fit of the data)
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A histogram has been obtained experimentally and it it skewed to the right. Please select one measure of central tendency and measure of spread that would provide an efficient summary of the data.
IRQ and median
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A researcher was assessing customer satisfaction with MakeMebeautiful, a new beauty product. They had a sample size of 75 and a p-value of 0.10. Does the researcher recommend that the company stop promoting this product?
No, because the sample size is small and p-values are easily affected by sample size
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Why might test-retest reliability become less important?
If the concept being measured is not expected to be stable over time (e.g. mood)
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If a measure is based on a full and close examination of the underlying concept, along with the related theoretical approaches, then it allows researchers to draw inferences and is said to have high
construct validity
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Your supervisor (Prof. Smith) suggests it is acceptable to calculate the power necessary for your study, after you have collected your data. Will you accept their advice?
No
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A statistical test reports p=0.027 when two groups means scores are compared. Is this result statistically significant, if you have a priori decided your p value will be 0.05?
Yes
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Independent samples refers to differences...
between two groups
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The Levene's test is used to assess which assumption for parametric data?
Homogeneity of variance
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You have conducted a Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and have a significance level of p=0.06. What do you conclude?
The data is normally distributed
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You are interested in whether there is a significant difference between males and females in the number of shoes owned. You have a sample of 40 males and 65 females in your study. You have conducted Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and have a significance level o
Mann Whitney test
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You have conducted a t-test to determine if there is a significant difference between chimpanzees (n=30) and 4-year old children (n=30) in the time taken to complete a simple puzzle. Your results are as follows:

Chimpanzee mean (±SD) = 45.5 (±3.8) secon
There was no significant difference in the time taken to complete the puzzle between chimpanzees (45.5±3.8 secs) and 4-year old children (47.9±5.4 secs), t(58)=1.09, p=0.070.
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A study has been carried out to determine if male non-smokers sleep for longer than smokers. Data on sleep length (minutes) and smoking status has been collected. You have conducted normality tests and looked at the Levene’s test result for the data. The
An independent samples t-test because of the normal distribution and homogeneity of variance
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You would like to know if adults reduce their spending on clothes after the purchase of a house. A group of adults have had their monthly spending on clothes assessed (£) before and after purchasing a house using a mortgage. You have conducted normality t
A Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test because the data is paired and not normally distributed
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You want to know if alcohol consumption is greater in women over 40 compared to women aged 18-39? Data on alcohol consumption (units per week) from women aged 18-75 has been collected and the data split into two groups based upon age. You have conducted n
A Mann Whitney U test because the data is not paired and not normally distributed
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A researcher has gathered information on reading comprehension in children before and after starting music lessons. The researcher believes that learning to play a musical instrument will improve reading comprehension. Data on reading comprehension (% sco
Assuming homogeneity of variance, a dependent samples t-test because the data is not paired and normally distributed
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A scatterplot can be used to show
Scores of one variable plotted against scores of a second variable
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The correlation between two variables A and B is 0.12 with a significance of p =0.01. What can we conclude?
That there is a weak relationship between A and B
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A correlation of 0.5 would produce a scatterplot in which the slope:
Is upwards (from the bottom left corner to the top right corner of the graph).
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If you have a curvilinear relationship, then:
It is not appropriate to use Pearson’s correlation because it assumes a linear relationship between variables.
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Which test is most suitable for non-parametric data with several tied ranks?
Kendall’s tau
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Which two assumptions must not be violated when running an ANOVA?
Homogeneity and normality
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Imagine you compare the effectiveness of four different types of stimulant to keep you awake while revising statistics using a one-way ANOVA. The null hypothesis would be that all four treatments have the same effect on the mean time kept awake. How would
At least two of the stimulants will have different effects on the mean time spent awake
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Complete the following statement:
If the F ratio is > 1, then there is evidence that..
The population means are not equal
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When conducting a one-way independent ANOVA with three levels on the independent variable, an F-ratio that is large enough to be statistically significant tells us:
That one or more of the differences between means is statistically significant but not where the differences between groups lie
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A business analyst was interested in the variation of sales income across four shops in a retail chain. He ran an ANOVA with the predictor variable ‘shop location’, which had four categories, ‘High street’, ‘Outlet’, ‘Online’ and ‘Suburb’; the outcome va
There is a significant difference in monthly sales income by shop location
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Conducting multiple tests in post –hoc analysis poses a problem because:
It increases the chance of finding false positives; Type 1 errors
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What does the Bonferroni correction do?
Divides the specified significance level by the number of tests conducted
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What is the overall effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable known as?
The main effect
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Complete the following: A Pearson’s chi-square test can be used to:
Determine whether there is a relationship between two categorical variables
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With 2 x 2 contingency tables (i.e., two categorical variables both with two categories) no expected values should be below ____ to conduct a Pearson’s chi-square test.
5
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What are phi and Cramér’s V used for?
They are measures of the strength of association between two categorical variables
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Recent research has shown that women who skip breakfast are more likely to give birth to baby girls, whereas women who eat breakfast are more likely to have baby boys. To test this, we took a sample of pregnant women who already knew the gender of their b
"The number that had a boy and ate breakfast" /"The number that had a girl and ate breakfast"
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Complete the following: A relative risk of 3.25 indicates:
An increase in risk among the target group compared to the other group
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What is multicollinearity?
When predictor variables correlate very highly with each other
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A model had a R2 of 0.665, an adjusted R2 of 0.661, an F-statistic of 112.56 (p 0.00). How would you interpret these findings? (A researcher was interested in examining what factors influenced children’s scores in a fitness test. He ran a multiple linea
It is a significant model where the four predictors account for 66% of the variance in the children’s scores in the fitness test
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The distance between a data point and the regression line is called a:
Residual
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What does a P-P plot observe?
Normality of residuals
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R2 is:
The proportion of variance in the outcome accounted for by the predictor variable or variables
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Inferential statistics are carried out in which research phase

Back

Principal analyses

Card 3

Front

What kind of variable is a person’s body temperature?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

A variable that measures the effect that manipulating another variable has is known as a ??? variable

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

A variable manipulated by a researcher is known as:

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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