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6. Hypothesis setting is carried out in which research phase

  • Interpretive phase
  • Preliminary assessments
  • Pre-analysis phase
  • Principal analyses

7. Complete the following: A relative risk of 3.25 indicates:

  • A decrease in risk among the target group compared to the other group
  • An increase in risk among the target group compared to the other group
  • The risk is equal in both groups
  • None of the above

8. A business analyst was interested in the variation of sales income across four shops in a retail chain. He ran an ANOVA with the predictor variable ‘shop location’, which had four categories, ‘High street’, ‘Outlet’, ‘Online’ and ‘Suburb’; the outcome va

  • There is no significant difference in monthly sales income by shop location
  • There is a significant difference in monthly sales income by shop location
  • The results are ambiguous
  • There is insufficient information; the results of Post hoc tests are needed

9. You have conducted a Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and have a significance level of p=0.06. What do you conclude?

  • The data is normally distributed
  • The data is not normally distributed

10. You are interested in whether there is a significant difference between males and females in the number of shoes owned. You have a sample of 40 males and 65 females in your study. You have conducted Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and have a significance level o

  • Mann Whitney test
  • Independent t-test

11. Independent samples refers to differences...

  • between two groups
  • within two groups

12. You have conducted a Mann Whitney test to determine if there is a difference between males and females in the number of shoes owned. Which set of values should you report?

  • The p-value, the Mann-Whitney U value, Degrees of Freedom and the Median±IQR
  • The p-value, the Mann-Whitney U value, Sample size (n) and the Median±IQR
  • The p-value, the Mann-Whitney U value, Sample size (n) and the Mean±SD
  • The p-value, the Mann-Whitney U value, Degrees of Freedom and the Mean±SD

13. The distance between a data point and the regression line is called a:

  • Residual
  • Coefficient
  • Outlier
  • Intercept

14. Which of the following is true about ecological validity?

  • Ecological validity refers to the applicability of findings to the real world
  • All laboratory experiments have low ecological validity
  • None of the other answers is correct
  • Ecological validity refers to how much a study’s methods resemble real-life situations

15. A correlation of 0.5 would produce a scatterplot in which the slope:

  • Is flat (horizontal).
  • Is vertical.
  • Is upwards (from the bottom left corner to the top right corner of the graph).
  • Is downwards (from the bottom right corner to the top left corner of the graph

16. What does the Bonferroni correction do?

  • Multiplies the specified significance level by the number of tests conducted
  • Divides the specified significance level by the number of tests conducted
  • Shows only the significant pairwise comparison
  • Re-sets the significance level to p=0.01 to reduce the chance of false positives

17. Which value can be defined as a measure of how much variability in one variable is explained by the other?

  • Covariance
  • P-value
  • R-squared
  • Correlation coefficient

18. Which of the following statements about the correlation coefficient is not true?

  • It can be used to test the difference between two means
  • It can be used as an effect size measure
  • It can be used on ranked data
  • It varies between –1 and +1

19. If the observed and expected frequencies in a contingency table are substantially different to one another, you might expect:

  • To be able to reject the null hypothesis
  • All of the above
  • A large positive chi-square test statistic
  • A statistically significant relationship between your categorical variables

20. A teacher in a school was interested in examining the differences in children’s maths scores across a year group, which consisted of three classes. She was particularly interested in whether the class the child was in had a possible influence on the child

  • There is no significant difference in children’s maths scores by class membership
  • There is insufficient information; the results of Post hoc tests is needed
  • The results are ambiguous
  • There is a significant difference in children’s maths scores by class membership