6. A variable that is thought to cause a change in another variable(s) is:
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Categorical variable
Intervening variable
7. Which of the following represents the best definition of external validity?
When there is no systematic difference between sample results and the true state of affairs
The ability to ascribe the outcome to the influence of a particular factor
The ability to generalise our results to a wider population
Verification that instruments used are measuring what they purport to measure
8. Which of the following is a requirement of a true experiment?
Follow-up
Pretest
Random sampling
Matching
9. Five years ago, there was a regional outbreak of illness caused by an unusual strain of Listeria.
As part of the investigation into the outbreak, the government checked the food history of 20 patients infected with the outbreak strain and compared them t
Observational, cohort
Observational, case-control
Experimental
Case study
10. How does randomisation and random sampling differ?
The purpose of random sampling is to increase generalisability and the purpose of randomisation is to reduce the risk of selection bias
Both make use of a random selection procedure, such as flipping a coin
Random sampling is only used in true experiments while randomisation is only used in quasi-experiments
