Psychology

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What is the behaviourist approach?
A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning.
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What are the assumptions of the behaviourist approach?
Study behaviour that can be observed and measured.
Reject introspection.
Maintain control and objectivity- lab experiments.
Animals could replace humans as experimental subjects.
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What are the strengths of the behaviourist approach?
Scientific credibility.
Real- life application.
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What are the limitations of the behaviourist approach?
Mechanistic view of behaviour.
Environmental determinism.
Ethical and practical issues in animal experiments.
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What is the Social learning theory?
A way of explaining behaviour that included both direct and indirect reinforcement.
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What is Vicarious reinforcement?
Reinforcement that is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for a a behaviour- imitation.
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What are mediational processes?
Cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response.
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What are the four mediational processes?
Attention.
Retention.
Motor Reproduction.
Motivation.
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What is identification?
When an observer associates themselves with the role model and wants to be like the role model
(modelling). A person becomes a role model when they are seen to poses similar characteristics to the observer.
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What is a strength of the Social learning theory?
The importance of cognitive factors in learning.
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What are limitations of the social learning theory?
Over- reliance on evidence from lab studies.
Underestimates the influence of biological factors.
Explains cultural differences in behaviour.
Less determinist than the behaviourist approach.
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What are the assumptions of the Social learning theory?
Behaviour is learned through observation/ experience.
Learn through observation and imitation of others, within a social context.
Reinforcement and punishment and indirect effects on behaviour and learning.
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What is the Cognitive approach?
Mental process, focused on how our mental processes affect behaviour.
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What are the assumptions of the cognitive approach?
Internal mental processes should be studied scientifically.
Internal mental processes can be studied in labatories by inferring the actions of the mind from behaviour seen.
The human mind works like a computer, with input from the senses and output in the
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Why are theoretical and computer models used in the cognitive approach?
To help understand internal mental processes. Theoretical models are abstract things were as computers are concrete things .
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What is Inference?
The process whereby cognitive psychologists draw conclusions about the way mental processes operate on the basis of observed beahviour.
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What is the internal mental process?
'private' operations of the mind such as perception and attention that mediate between stimulus and response.
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What is cognitive neuroscience?
The scientific study of biological structures that underpin cognitive processes.
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Card 2

Front

What are the assumptions of the behaviourist approach?

Back

Study behaviour that can be observed and measured.
Reject introspection.
Maintain control and objectivity- lab experiments.
Animals could replace humans as experimental subjects.

Card 3

Front

What are the strengths of the behaviourist approach?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the limitations of the behaviourist approach?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the Social learning theory?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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