6. In an instrumental choice task, which best summarises the results of Delorme et al., 2016?
Unmedicated tourette’s patients showed errors on a slip-of-action test and could not learn the knowledge of stimulus-response-outcome
Unmedicated tourette’s patients could acquire an instrumental choice task, but, showed errors on a slip-of-action test
Unmedicated tourette’s patients could acquire an instrumental choice task, but did not learn the knowledge of stimulus-response-outcome contingencies
Unmedicated tourette’s patients showed no errors on a slip-of-action test, and could demonstrate knowledge of stimulus-response-outcome contingencies.
7. In a shock-avoidance experiment, Gillan et al., (2014) found that
Early in training, OCD patients were less sensitive to devaluation of the outcome than controls
After extended training, OCD patients showed increased habitual responding to a devalued stimulus
After extended training, both controls and OCD patients showed increased habitual responding to a devalued stimulus
Early in training, OCD patients had already developed habitual responding.
8. How does the Pearce-Hall model explain latent inhibition?
On the first conditioning trial, the US is not surprising, and so there is less learning.
On the first conditioning trial, the CS is not surprising, and so there is less learning.
On the first conditioning trial, the CS has low associability and so there is less learning.
On the first conditioning trial, the US is not surprising, and so the error term is zero, meaning there will be no increase in the strength of the association.
9. Which of the following is the best description of the results of test sessions, in animal studies, where animals were given pre-exposure to a context, followed by nausea within that context
Animals consumed more sucrose solution in that context
Animals consumed less sucrose solution in that context
Animals felt sick in that context
Animal consumed the same amount of sucrose solution in that context
10. Which of the following was found by Morris et al., (2013) in their study examining learned irrelevance?
Those who scored high on the positive and negative syndrome scale showed no difference in learning between predictive and non-predictive cues
Those who scored high on the positive and negative syndrome scale showed better learning to predictive cues that non predictive cues
Those who scored high on the positive and negative syndreom scale showed worse learning to predictive cues than non predictive cues
Those who scored high on the positive and negative syndrome scale showed the same pattern of learning to predictive and non predictive cues as healthy individuals
11. Which of the following is the best description of the findings of Stockhorst et al., (1998)?
Consumption of salient, unfamiliar beverages before chemotherapy decreased the duration of post treatment nausea
Consumption of salient, unfamiliar beverages before chemotherapy decreased the intensity of post treatment nausea
consumption of salient, unfamiliar beverages before chemotherapy increased the duration of post treatment nausea
Consumption of salient, unfamiliar beverages before chemotherapy had no effect on post treatment nausea
12. Evidence to support the Pearce-Hall theory comes from Kaye and Pearce (1984) who found:
Partial reinforcement maintains an orienting response
Orienting responses are maintained when a CS is reinforced
Extinction does not change the orienting response
Orienting responses are maintained when a CS is presented alone
13. Which of the following is the best description of Colwill & Rescorla’s (1985) results?
Devaluation of an outcome produced conditioned fear
Devaluation of an outcome reduced responding that had previously earned that outcome
Devaluation of an outcome reduced all responding
Devaluation of an outcome had no impact on responding that had previously earned that outcome
14. In studies by Bernstein and colleagues, which of the following was found concerning the effect of allowing children to eat ice cream before undergoing chemotherapy
Exposure to ice cream before chemotherapy reduced the nausea caused by chemotherapy
Exposure to ice cream before chemotherapy protected the children acquiring ANV
Exposure to ice cream before chemotherapy protected the children from acquiring food aversions
Exposure to ice cream before chemotherapy protected the children from acquiring an aversion to the ice cream
15. Following the study by Hall et al., (2015) which of the following interventions would you recommend to patients to avoid ANV?
Pre-exposure to the hospital
Pre-exposure to the chemotherapy context
Drinking a novel flavoured drink before chemotherapy infusion
Both pre-exposure to the hospital and drinking a novel flavoured drink before chemotherapy
16. What did Haselgrove & Evans (2010) report in an experiment examining variability in blocking with schizotypy?
Blocking was shown only in a low schizotypy group
Blocking was shown only in those with high Introvertive Anhedonia
Blocking was shown only in those with high Cognitive disorganisation
There was poorer learning overall in the high schizotypy group
17. Mackintosh (1972) theory can be best described as:
Stimuli which are good predictors of outcomes are paid most attention
Stimuli which are followed by unsurprising events are paid most attention
Stimuli which are followed by surprising events are paid most attention
Stimuli which are surprising are paid most attention
18. According to Nelson & Killcross (2006) what is the effect of amphetamine sensitisation on instrumental conditioning?
Sensitisation impairs habitual learning
Sensitisation stops devaluation of a reinforcer being effective
Sensitisation before instrumental conditioning produces habitual behaviour
Sensitisation following instrumental conditioning produces habitual behaviour
19. In an associative analysis of Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting (ANV), what stimulus acts as the US?
chemotherapy
nausea
context
vomiting
20. In a conditioned suppression procedure, what does a suppression ratio score of 0.1 indicate
