RNA polymerase attaches to the gene to be transcribed.
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Step 2
The hydrogen bonds between the bases on the two strands break and the DNA molecule unwinds.
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Step 3
Complementary RNA nucleotides pair up with those on the DNA template strand.
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Step 4
RNA nucleotides join to form a mRNA molecule
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Step 5
The first of the mRNA molecules leave the nucleus through a pore in the nuclear envelope.
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Step 6
The mRNA attaches to the surface of a ribosome.
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Step 7
Within the cytoplasm. free amino acids become attached to tRNA molecules with the correct anticodons.
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Step 8
The first codon is exposed on the ribosome. This is always the start code AUG which codes for amino acid methionine.
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Step 9
The tRNA molecule with the anticodon complementary to the start codon, hydrogen bonds to the AUG codon.
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Step 10
As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, the codon of the binding site attracts the second "tRNA - amino acid" complex with the complementary anticodon and this hydrogen bonds to the second codon on the mRNA.
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Step 11
The ribosome holds the mRNA, tRNA, amino acods and associated enzyme in place while a peptide bond forms between the two amino acids.
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Step 12
The two amino acids are linked by a condensation reaction.
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Step 13
The ribosome moves along the mRNA to reveal a new codon at the binding site.
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Step 14
Translation continues until the ribosome reaches a STOP signal: UAA, UAC or UGA
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Step 15
As the protein molecule is formed, it folds up to form a precise 3-dimensional structure.
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What does peptide synthetase do?
catalyses the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Step 2
Back
The hydrogen bonds between the bases on the two strands break and the DNA molecule unwinds.
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