Populations in Ecosystems

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  • Created by: JosephPHS
  • Created on: 26-01-23 10:20
Habitat
The place where an organism lives
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Population
All the organisms of a single species in a habitat
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Community
Populations of different species within a habitat
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Ecosystem
The collection of a community and the abiotic conditions of its habitat
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Abiotic Conditions
Non-living Features (temperature, availability of water)
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Biotic Conditions
Living Features (predators, food)
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Niche
The role of a species within its habitat
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Adaptation
A feature that increases chance of survival and reproduction
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Biotic Interactions
Interactions of an organism with other biotic features (food, predators)
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Abiotic interactions
Interactions of an organism with abiotic factors (oxygen inhaled, carbon dioxide exhaled)
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Adaptations to abiotic conditions
Webbed paws, Blubber
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Adaptations to biotic conditions
Using rocks to smash open shellfish, mating calls
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What is the effect of 2 species occupying the same niche
Competition will occur, one species with be more successful than the other until only one species is next
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Carrying Capacity
The maximum population size of a species, an ecosystem can support
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Effects of abiotic factors on population size
When abiotic factors are not ideal for a species they cannot grow as fast or reproduce successfully
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What biotic factors can effect population size
Interspecific and Intraspecific competition
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Interspecific Competition
Competition between species
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Effects of interspecific competition
Resources available to both population are reduced which will be detrimental to the growth and reproduction of both populations
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What will happen if one population is better adapted in interspecific competition
The better adapted species will be more successful in competition and so will out-compete the other species
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Link in population size of predators and prey
As population size of predators increase the population size of prey will decrease (more predation) leading population size of predators falling (less food) leading to population size of prey increasing (less predation) and the cycle repeats (more food)
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Methods of estimating population size
Quadrat, Belt Transect, Capture Recapture
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Quadrat
Randomly place quadrats and record the number of individual in each quadrat. Do this for as many samples as possible. Total can be estimated by calculating a mean for the quadrat area and using that to calculate a mean for the total area
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Belt Transect
Place a belt transect across the area to be investigated and place quadrats along the belt transect, either next to each other or at regular intervals. Record the number of individuals and calculate species frequency and percentage coverage
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Capture Recapture
Capture a sample of individuals using a technique such as a pitfall trap, count and mark each one before releasing them. After a period of time (a week) take another sample from the same population and count the number of total individuals and marked indi
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Total Population size equation
Total Population size = (Number caught in 1st sample X Number caught in 2nd sample)/Number marked in second sample
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Succession
The process by which an ecosystem changes over time
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Primary succession
When a species begins to colonise a new land surface. Seeds and spores blown in the wind begin to grow. The pioneer species will die and decompose forming a soil which forms a layer of soil. This changes the abiotic features of the land allowing other spe
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Pioneer species
The first species to colonise an area
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Secondary succession
Similar to Primary Succession but occurs on land that has been cleared of all plants but soil remains
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Climax Community
A community which has become stable and is, generally, around its carrying capacity
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Features of a Climax Community
Abiotic factors are relatively stable
Various niches with one species in each (no competition)
High biodiversity
Complex food webs
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Conservation
Protection and management of species and habitats
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Methods of conservation
Seedbanks
Fishing quotas (limits)
Protected areas
Endangered species (bred in captivity then returned to the wild)
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Drawing Conclusions
Correlation doesn't *necessarily* mean causation but can with enough evidence
Examine other factors that may have changed in the experiment

Describe the data
Draw conclusions
Evaluate the method
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

All the organisms of a single species in a habitat

Back

Population

Card 3

Front

Populations of different species within a habitat

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The collection of a community and the abiotic conditions of its habitat

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Non-living Features (temperature, availability of water)

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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