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6. Passive transport refers to a process that requires
- No energy at all
- No cellular energy
- No electrical gradient
- No concentration gradient
- No pressure gradient
7. Which of the following statements is false?
- High frequency sound are coded at the proximal end of the basilar membrane
- Action potentials in primary auditory sensory neurons increase frequency when cilia in hair cells are deflected in one direction only
- The tectorial membrane overlies hair cells in the organ of Corti
- Otoliths play an important role in cristae sensory receptors in the semi-circular canals
- The vestibular apparatus is filled with endolymph
8. Which of the following receptors detects strong pressure?
- Meissner's corpuscle
- Ruffini's corpuscle
- Muscle spindle
- Merkel disc
- Pascinian corpuscle
9. An ion widely important in intracellular signalling is
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Sodium
- Cobalt
- Chloride
10. The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
- A G protein
- cGMP
- cAMP
- Calcium
- Adenylate cyclase
11. The all-or-none principle states that
- Only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials
- The greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential
- All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce action potentials of identical magnitude
- All stimuli will produce identical action potentials
- Only motor stimuli can activate action potentials
12. Cyclic AMP activates
- Phosphodiesterase
- Hormone receptors
- Adenylate cyclase
- Protein kinase A
- A G-protein
13. When body temperature rises, a centre in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
- Disease
- Positive feedback
- Negative feedback
- Homeopathic regulation
- Diagnostic Regulation
14. The ion needed to initiate the release of acetlycholine into the synaptic cleft is
- Potassium
- Zinc
- Calcium
- Sodium
- Chloride
15. The purpose of transverse tubules is to
- Rapidly conduct action potentials to the interior of the muscle fibre
- Store a supply of calcium ions throughout the muscle fibre
- Conduct ATP molecules out of the mitochondria throughout the sarcoplasm
- Ensure a supply of glycogen throughout the muscle sarcoplasm
16. When adenylate cyclase is activated,
- Steroids are produced
- Protein kinases are metabolized
- cAMP is formed
- Calcium ions are released from intracellular stores
- cAMP is broken down
17. The reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex by making compensatory adjustments on the opposite side of the body receiving the stimulus is the
- Reciprocal reflex
- Tendon reflex
- Flexor reflex
- Crossed extensor reflex
- Stretch reflex
18. According to experiments in mice, salty taste is detected at the...
- Tip of the tongue
- Back of the tongue
- Sides of the tongue
- Pharynx
- Middle of the tongue
19. As the charge on the membrane of a neurone approaches 0 from -70mV, the cell is
- Becoming more difficult to stimulate
- Hyperpolarizing
- Depolarizing
- Repolarizing
20. The period of time during which the sarcomeres return to their resting length is referred to as
- The relaxation phase
- The latent period
- The depolarization period
- The refractory period
- The repolarization period