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6. Passive transport refers to a process that requires

  • No energy at all
  • No cellular energy
  • No electrical gradient
  • No concentration gradient
  • No pressure gradient

7. Which of the following statements is false?

  • High frequency sound are coded at the proximal end of the basilar membrane
  • Action potentials in primary auditory sensory neurons increase frequency when cilia in hair cells are deflected in one direction only
  • The tectorial membrane overlies hair cells in the organ of Corti
  • Otoliths play an important role in cristae sensory receptors in the semi-circular canals
  • The vestibular apparatus is filled with endolymph

8. Which of the following receptors detects strong pressure?

  • Meissner's corpuscle
  • Ruffini's corpuscle
  • Muscle spindle
  • Merkel disc
  • Pascinian corpuscle

9. An ion widely important in intracellular signalling is

  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Sodium
  • Cobalt
  • Chloride

10. The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

  • A G protein
  • cGMP
  • cAMP
  • Calcium
  • Adenylate cyclase

11. The all-or-none principle states that

  • Only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials
  • The greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential
  • All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce action potentials of identical magnitude
  • All stimuli will produce identical action potentials
  • Only motor stimuli can activate action potentials

12. Cyclic AMP activates

  • Phosphodiesterase
  • Hormone receptors
  • Adenylate cyclase
  • Protein kinase A
  • A G-protein

13. When body temperature rises, a centre in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of

  • Disease
  • Positive feedback
  • Negative feedback
  • Homeopathic regulation
  • Diagnostic Regulation

14. The ion needed to initiate the release of acetlycholine into the synaptic cleft is

  • Potassium
  • Zinc
  • Calcium
  • Sodium
  • Chloride

15. The purpose of transverse tubules is to

  • Rapidly conduct action potentials to the interior of the muscle fibre
  • Store a supply of calcium ions throughout the muscle fibre
  • Conduct ATP molecules out of the mitochondria throughout the sarcoplasm
  • Ensure a supply of glycogen throughout the muscle sarcoplasm

16. When adenylate cyclase is activated,

  • Steroids are produced
  • Protein kinases are metabolized
  • cAMP is formed
  • Calcium ions are released from intracellular stores
  • cAMP is broken down

17. The reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex by making compensatory adjustments on the opposite side of the body receiving the stimulus is the

  • Reciprocal reflex
  • Tendon reflex
  • Flexor reflex
  • Crossed extensor reflex
  • Stretch reflex

18. According to experiments in mice, salty taste is detected at the...

  • Tip of the tongue
  • Back of the tongue
  • Sides of the tongue
  • Pharynx
  • Middle of the tongue

19. As the charge on the membrane of a neurone approaches 0 from -70mV, the cell is

  • Becoming more difficult to stimulate
  • Hyperpolarizing
  • Depolarizing
  • Repolarizing

20. The period of time during which the sarcomeres return to their resting length is referred to as

  • The relaxation phase
  • The latent period
  • The depolarization period
  • The refractory period
  • The repolarization period