Physics Y1
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- Created by: Bolt738
- Created on: 23-06-24 22:45
Random errors
Errors of measurements in which the measured quantities differ from the mean value with different magnitudes and directions.
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Systematic errors
Errors of measurements in which the measured quantities are displaced from the true value by fixed magnitude and in the same direction.
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Accuracy
A measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with the true value.
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Precision
A measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with each other.
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Internal energy
Function of state and the total microscopic kinetic and potential energies of the particles composing the system.
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Specific latent heat of fusion
The amount of heat required per unit mass to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase without any change in temperature
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Specific latent heat of vaporization,
The amount of heat required per unit mass to change a substance from the liquid phase to the vapor phase without any change in temperature.
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Speed
Rate of change of distance traveled with respect to time.
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Velocity
Rate of change of its displacement with respect to time.
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Acceleration
Rate of change of its velocity with respect to time
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Normal contact force
Force perpendicular to the surface experienced by a body when it is in physical contact with something else.
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Hooke’s Law
Within the limit of proportionality, the extension produced in a material is directly proportional to the load applied.
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Principle of moments
When an object is in equilibrium, the sum of anticlockwise moments about any point equals the sum of clockwise moments about the same point.
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Moment of a force
Product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation and the line of action of the force.
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Couple
A pair of forces, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, whose lines of motion do not coincide.
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Centre of gravity
Point on an object through which the entire weight of the object may be considered to act.
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Pressure
Force acting per unit area.
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Upthrust/buoyancy force
Upward force on a body produced by the surrounding fluid (i.e., a liquid or a gas) in which it is fully or partially immersed, due to the pressure difference of the fluid between the top and bottom of the object.
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Newton’s first law of motion
A body will continue in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless an external resultant force acts on it.
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Newton’s second law
Rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the resultant force acting on it and the change takes place in the direction of the force.
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Newton’s third law
If body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts a force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction on body A.
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Principle of conservation of momentum
The total momentum of a system of objects remains constant provided no resultant external force acts on the system.
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Work
Mechanical transfer of energy to a system or from a system by an external force on it.
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Heat
Non-mechanical transfer of energy from the environment to the system or from the system to the environment because of a temperature difference between the two.
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Principle of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed in any process.
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Gravitational Potential Energy
Amount of work done in order to raise the body to the height h from a reference level.
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Power
Rate of work done or energy converted with respect to time.
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Angular displacement
θ is the angle subtended at centre of a circle by an arc of equal length to the radius.
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Angular velocity
ω is the rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time.
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Period
Time taken for the object to make one complete revolution.
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Frequency
Number of complete revolutions made by the object per unit time.
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Displacement
Distance moved by the particle from its equilibrium position.
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Amplitude
Maximum displacement of the particle from its equilibrium position.
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Wavelength
Distance between 2 successive points on a wave which are in phase with one another.
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Period
Time taken for a particle on the wave to complete one oscillation.
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Frequency
Number of complete oscillations that pass through a given point in 1 second. (Units: Hertz(Hz) or s-1)
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Compression
Region where particles are close to one another. (High pressure)
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Rarefaction
Region where the particles are further apart. (Low pressure)
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Phase Difference
(φ) between two particles or two waves tells us how much a particle (or wave) is in front or behind another particle (or wave).
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Intensity
Rate of transfer of energy per unit area perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Errors of measurements in which the measured quantities are displaced from the true value by fixed magnitude and in the same direction.
Back
Systematic errors
Card 3
Front
A measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with the true value.
Back
Card 4
Front
A measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with each other.
Back
Card 5
Front
Function of state and the total microscopic kinetic and potential energies of the particles composing the system.
Back
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