Who demonstrates that campaign finance restrictions disproportionately harm challengers, increasing the incumbency advantage?
Back
Card 17
Front
What do Layman and Carsey call the increasing polarization of parties on newer 'cultural' issues due to the influence of party activists?
Back
Card 18
Front
Who argues that voters appear polarized because the political arena offers mainly polarized choices but that voter preferences remain moderate?
Back
Card 19
Front
Who argues that parties are best understood as coaltions of interests groups and activists?
Back
Card 20
Front
Who argues that the flow of power goes in different directions in the two parties, with a downflow from the highly socially homogenous elites in the Rep party and upwards with the inculsion of multiple groups in Dem.?
Back
Card 21
Front
Who argues that party organisation strength got stronger between the 1960s and 1980s and that strength is not determined by levels of party identification?
Back
Card 22
Front
Who argues that both parties have become more nationalised because they are constituents of the national party and because regional disparities in electoral success have been decreasing?
Back
Card 23
Front
Who argues that both parties have become more nationalised because they are constituents of the national party and because regional disparities in electoral success have been decreasing?
Back
Card 24
Front
Who argues that both parties have become more nationalised because they are constituents of the national party and because regional disparities in electoral success have been decreasing?
Back
Card 25
Front
Who finds that the effect of local party activity has a greater impact on election outcomes of candidates for national office in contexts that are competitive or unfavourable to the local party?
