particles are tightly packed in a regular structure
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liquid
particles are tightly packed but free to move past each other
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gas
particles are spread out and move randomly
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density =
mass/volume
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how can we measure the density of an irregular object
using a displacement can
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How does a displacement can work
As the irregular object is lowered into the displacement can, the water level rises. All the displaced water comes out of the spout and is collected in a measuring cylinder. Volume is measured as well as mass. D = M/V
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solid to liquid
melting
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liquid to solid
condensation/freezing
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solid to gas
sublimation
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liquid to gas
evaporation
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When a material is heated or cooled, two changes may happen to the particles within the material:
Chemical bonds between particles may form, break or stretch
The material will heat up or cool down as particles gain or lose speed
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internal energy
the total amount of kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in the system
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conservation of energy
energy cannot be created nor destroyed
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specific heat capacity
the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1'c
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specific latent heat
the amount of energy needed to melt or vaporise 1kg at its melting point or boiling point
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latent heat of fusion
the amount of energy needed to melt or freeze a material at its melting point
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latent heat of vaporisation
is the amount of energy needed to boil or condense the material at its boiling point
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equation for specific latent heat
change thermal energy = mass x specific latent heat
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How do we measure latent heat
heating or cooling curve line graph. The graph is horizontal at two places where the rnergy is not being used to increase the speed of particles
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pressure
force exerted over an area
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pressure =
force/area
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what is the relationship between pressure and temperature
as the temperature increases the pressure increases showing that pressure is directly proportional to temperature
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what is the relationship between volume and pressure
volume is inversely proportional to pressure
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constant =
pressure x volume
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pressure can be increased by
increasing the temperature
decreasing the volume
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work done =
force x distance
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
liquid
Back
particles are tightly packed but free to move past each other
Card 3
Front
gas
Back
Card 4
Front
density =
Back
Card 5
Front
how can we measure the density of an irregular object
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