to outline the policy, used when consulting the public for opinions
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what is the white paper used for?
it is the firm proposal for a new law
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what are the 4 types of bill?
private bill, public bill, private members bill and hybrid bill
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who do private bills affect? give a case example
an individual/ corporation-University College London Act 1996
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who do public bills affect? give a case example
the public- Criminal Justice Act 2003
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Who can introduce a private members' bill?
lords or backbench mps
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what are the 3 ways a private members' bill can be introduced?
by ballot, through the 10 minute rule or through presentation
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what is a hybrid bill and who decides whether it is hybrid? give a case example
a cross between a public and a private bill, decided by the public bills office- The Crossrail Bill 2005
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what are the 10 stages in order when passing a law?
green paper, white paper, first reading, second reading, comittee stage, report stage, third reading,house of lords(ping pong), royal assent and commencement
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what did the Parliament Act 1911 do?
removed the power of the house of lords to stop a bill unless it prolongs the lifetime of parliament
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what did the parliament act 1949 do?
reduced the delaying power of the house of lords to 1 year
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what are the 4 acts which have been passed without the consent of the house of lords since 1949?
war crimes act 1991, European parliamentary elections act 1999, sexual offences amendment act 2000 and the hunting act 2004
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what is dicey's definition of parliamentary supremacy?
where parliament can legislate on any subject matter,isnt bound by previous parliaments, no other body can override or challenge it and it can be retrospective and affect people outside of the uk
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what are the limitations to parliamentary supremacy?
human rights act 1998, membership of the EU (EU laws take priority) and the devolution of powers to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
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What are the 5 influencers of law making?
media and public opinion, law commission,pressure groups, political parties and the European union
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how does the media and public opinion affect law making?
Media affects the public’s opinion> Public affects the number of votes that the government can win > Votes affect parliament > Parliament affects the laws
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give an advantage and a disadvantage of the media and public opinion in law making
Raises government awareness of matters that the public is concerned about, but some media e.g. newspapers are biased and promote their own views
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how does the law commission affect law making?
a body which reviews laws and proposes changes, set up by the Law Commission Act 1965
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give an advantage and a disadvantage of the law commission
investigations are thorough, so recommendations are well informed but a third of their recommendations aren't implemented
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how do pressure groups affect law making?
they campaign for reform by pressuring the government
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what are the 4 types of pressure group?
interest (smaller), sectional (larger), insider(access to officials) and outsider (no access to officials)
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give an advantage and a disadvantage of pressure groups
pressure groups can raise awareness of issues that are important to a large no. of people but people may resort to undesirable or even illegal ways to promote their cause
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what is condification?
Reviewing all the law on a certain topic and creating a code to cover all aspects of the law on that topic
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what is consolidation?
One area, One Act the difference to codification is that law not reviewed or changed
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what is repeal?
when they Identify old laws which aren’t used and advise Parliament who will then repeal if they agree
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what is implementation?
where law commission proposes their ideas to the government, but they aren't always introduced
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give 2 examples of implementation
land registration act 2002 and the coroners and justice act 2009
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give an advantage and a disadvantage of implementation
theyre researched by legal experts but aren't always implemented by parliament
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is the green paper used for?
Back
to outline the policy, used when consulting the public for opinions
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