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6. Which is not true of choledochal cysts

  • Diagnosis is by ERCP
  • 2% risk of cancer
  • Treatment includes roux-en-Y anastamosis
  • May be picked up on antenatal USS

7. Which is not true of spinal muscular atrophy?

  • Type 3 is most severe, type 1 usually learn to walk
  • Death is from respiratory failure
  • Anterior horn cell pathology
  • Flaccid paralysis, areflexia, tongue fasciculation

8. Which is true of malrotation?

  • AXR is diagnostic
  • Appendix often removed during surgery
  • Presenting age is 3mo-2yr
  • Surgery consists of Norwood procedure

9. Which regarding complex regional pain syndrome is not true?

  • May present in a wheelchair
  • There is no physical change to the affected area
  • Usually in adolescent females with associated stressors
  • Hyperaesthesia and allodynia are common

10. Which is not true of T1D

  • Good glycaemic control prevents complications
  • Minimal insulin requirement shortly after presentation
  • Low fibre diet is helpful
  • Carb counting can be helpful to estimate insulin requirement
  • Aim for BM 4-7 before meals using rapid-acting pre-prandially
  • HbA1C measured 4/yr, aiming for < 48

11. Which is not an indication for biopsy with haematuria?

  • Recurrent microscopic haematuria
  • Persistently abnormal complement
  • Signifiant persistent proteinuria
  • Abnormal renal function

12. Which is not true of sarcoma?

  • Can cause urinary obstruction
  • Tumour margin is usually well-defined
  • Head and neck most common
  • 15% have mets at diagnosis

13. Which is not true of galactosaemia

  • Diagnosed by enzyme levels
  • Ovarian failure is a recognised long term consequence
  • Galactose-free diet prevents all sequelae
  • Complications include cataract

14. Which is not true of haematology?

  • WCC is higher in neonates
  • Preterm babies often have anaemia at birth
  • HbF has higher O2 affinity
  • Neonatal normal Hb value is >140

15. Which is not true of cerebral palsy?

  • Postnatal issues can cause it
  • 30% are due to hypoxia
  • Cerebrovascular ischaemia is a common cause
  • Cerebral dysgenesis is the most common cause

16. Which is true of precocious puberty in boys

  • Gonadotrophin-independent = prepubertal testes
  • Liver tumours secreting AFP are a cause
  • Gonadal tumours never cause precocious puberty
  • It is fairly normal and should only be investigated if abnormal sequence of development or other symptoms

17. Which is not true of asthma in children?

  • Spirometry is not performed
  • Diagnosis is clinically based
  • Wheeze rarely occurs between exacerbations
  • Peak flow can be used to monitor control

18. Which of these does not increase your APGAR score

  • HR 100-140
  • Pink in colour
  • Resp rate < 40
  • Strong cry when stimulated

19. Which is not an indication for dialysis in childhood AKI?

  • Severe metabolic acidosis
  • Moderate hyponatremia
  • Pulmonary oedema
  • Moderate hypokalemia

20. Which is not true of cystic fibrosis?

  • Molecular genetics needed for diagnosis
  • Immunoreactive trypsinogen is a screening test in newborns
  • 90% have pancreatic insufficiency
  • 95% die of respiratory failure