P1 - Matter
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- Created by: munchlee142002
- Created on: 17-03-18 16:24
Describe the Thomson model of the atom
In the Thomson model, atoms are made up of negatively charged electrons spread through a positively charged 'pudding'.
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Describe the current model of the structure of the atom
An atom is made up of a small central nucleus containing neutrons and positively charged protons surrounded by negatively charged electrons orbiting in shells.
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Describe an experiment to calculate the density of an irregular solid object
Use a mass balance. Fill a eureka can with water to just below the spout, then immerse the object in the can. Collect the water displaced by the object as it flows out of the spout in a measuring cylinder and record its volume. Calculate the density.
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Explain how the density of a typical substance changes as it changes from solid, to liquid to gas
As a typical substance changes from solid to liquid to gas, its density will decrease as its mass will stay the same but its volume will increase as the particles have more energy to overcome the forces between them.
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Explain how a gas exerts pressure on its container
When gas particles collide with the walls of their container, they exert a force on it. Across many particles, this force causes an outward pressure.
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Explain what happens to the pressure of a gas in a sealed container when its temperature decreases
When the temperature of a gas decreases, the energy in the kinetic store of its particles decreases so their velocities decrease. This means they hit the walls of the container less hard and less often which decreases the pressure.
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Describe Rutherford's gold foil experiment
Rutherford, Geiger and Marsden fired positively charged alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold. Some of the particles went straight through, however others deflected.
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How did the results of Rutherford's experiment disagree with the Thomson model of the atom?
Thomson thought negative electrons were spread through a positive pudding that made up most of the atom. However, rutherford found that the atom was mostly empty space and there was a positive nucleus surrounded by electrons
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How did Bohr's model of the atom differ from Rutherford's?
Bohr's model showed the electrons in shells .
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Roughly how big is an atom?
1 x 10 ^ -15
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What is density?
Density is the measure of compactness of a substance. It relates the mass of a substance to how much space it takes up (the volume).
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How is density calculated?
Density = mass ÷ volume
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Describe a solid in terms of the movement of their particles
Strong forces of attraction hold the particles close together in a fixed, regular arrangement. The particles don't have much energy in their kinetic energy stores so they can only vibrate about their fixed positions.
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Describe a liquid in terms of the movement of their particles
The forces of attraction are weaker. The particles are close together, but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements. They have more energy in their kinetic energy stores than a solid - they move in random directions at low speeds
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Describe a gas in terms of the movement of their particles
There are almost no forces of attraction between the particles. Particles have more energy in their kinetic energy stores than those in liquids and are free to move - travel in random directions at high speeds
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Explain what happens to the mass of a substance when it changes state
The mass stays the same
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What is the relationship between temperature and the energy in the kinetic store of the particles in a substance?
Heating a substance increases the energy in its thermal energy store.
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What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?
The change in energy in the substance's thermal store needed to raise the temperature of 1 Kg of that substance by 1°C
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What is meant by the specific latent heat of fusion?
The specific latent heat for changing between a solid and a liquid
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What is meant by the specific latent heat of vaporisation?
The specific latent heat for changing between a liquid and a gas
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What happens to the pressure of a gas in a sealed container of fixed volume when it is heated?
Energy is transferred to the kinetic energy store of the gas particles and they move faster. This means the particles hit the container walls harder and more often, creating more pressure
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Describe the current model of the structure of the atom
Back
An atom is made up of a small central nucleus containing neutrons and positively charged protons surrounded by negatively charged electrons orbiting in shells.
Card 3
Front
Describe an experiment to calculate the density of an irregular solid object
Back
Card 4
Front
Explain how the density of a typical substance changes as it changes from solid, to liquid to gas
Back
Card 5
Front
Explain how a gas exerts pressure on its container
Back
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