Organelles - Structure & Function

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What is the structure of the Nucleus?
It is surrounded by the nuclear envelope, which is made from 2 membranes with fluid between them. There are many holes (nuclear pores) going through the envelope. Large enough for big molecules to pass through. Nucleolus inside the nucleus.
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What is the function of the Nucleus?
Home to nearly all of the cell's genetic material. Chromatin has DNA and proteins. It has method for making proteins. Some proteins regulate cell activity. When cell's divide, chromatin makes chromosomes. Nucleolus makes RNA & ribosomes.
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What is the structure and function of the RER?
Series of flattened membraned bound sacs called cisternae, continuous with outer nuclear membrane. Studded with ribosomes. Transports proteins made in ribosomes, some secreted, some placed on cell membrane.
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What is the structure and function of the SER?
Cisternae but without the ribosomes. Smooth ER is involved in making the lipids that the cell needs, it is also a storage organelle.
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What is the structure and function of the Golgi Apparatus?
A stack of membrane bound, flattened sacs. It receives proteins from the ER and modifies them. It might add sugar molecules to it. It then packages the modified proteins into vesicles to be transported. Some go to the cell surface to be secreted.
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What is the structure and function of the Mitochondria?
May be spherical/sausage shaped. They have 2 membranes separated by a fluid filled space. The inner membrane is folded to make cristae. The central part is called the matrix. It is the site where ATP is made during resp.
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What is the structure and function of the Chloroplasts?
Also have 2 membranes separated by a fluid filled space. Inner membrane is continuous, elaborate network of f-m-b-s called thylakoids. Chlorophyll molecules are present there. They are the site of photosynthesis. Carb molecules made.
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What is the structure and function of the Lysosomes?
There are spherical sacs surrounded by 1 membrane. They contain powerful digestive enzymes. Their role is to break down materials. White blood cell lysosomes help to break down invading micro-organisms.
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What is the structure and function of the Ribosomes?
Tiny organelles, can be found in cytoplasm or bound to ER, consists of 2 sub-units. They are the site of protein synthesis in the cell. They act as an assembly line where coded info (mRNA) from the nucleus is used to make proteins from amino acids.
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What is the structure and function of the Centrioles?
They are small tubes of protein fibres. There is a pair of them next to the nucleus in animal cells and in the cells of some products. They take part in cell division and form fibres (spindle) which move chromosomes during nuclear division.
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Card 2

Front

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Back

Home to nearly all of the cell's genetic material. Chromatin has DNA and proteins. It has method for making proteins. Some proteins regulate cell activity. When cell's divide, chromatin makes chromosomes. Nucleolus makes RNA & ribosomes.

Card 3

Front

What is the structure and function of the RER?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the structure and function of the SER?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the structure and function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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