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6. How does serotonin affect aggression?

  • High levels of cortisol inhibits testosterone leading to low levels of testosterone which reduces aggression
  • It activates areas of the brain dealing with aggression increasing levels of aggression
  • Inhibits aggressive responses to emotional stimuli
  • Stimulates aggressive responses to emotional stimuli

7. What did Archer et al. find?

  • The link between aggression and testosterone is higher in females than males
  • Castration(reducing testosterone levels) of schizophrenics (High dopamine levels) had no effect on aggressive tendencies
  • Low levels of cortisol in habitual violent offenders

8. What effect does testosterone have on aggression?

  • High levels of cortisol inhibits testosterone leading to low levels of testosterone which reduces aggression
  • Inhibits aggressive responses to emotional stimuli
  • It activates areas of the brain dealing with aggression increasing levels of aggression
  • Stimulates aggressive responses to emotional stimuli

9. Which study found in clinical studies of antidepressants (increases serotonin levels) impulsive aggression and irritability were reduced?

  • Vikeuken
  • Bond
  • Scarbo and Raine
  • Buitlaar

10. What do amphetamines also do as well as increase aggressive behaviour?

  • It increases noradrenaline which acts on the CNS and triggers the fight or flight response, so this may increase aggression.
  • Reduces dopamine

11. Which study found that castration(reducing testosterone levels) of schizophrenics (High dopamine levels) had no effect on aggressive tendencies?

  • Dabbs et al.
  • Bremmer
  • Virkkunen
  • Wagner et al.

12. Low levels of serotonin....

  • No aggression
  • Highly aggressive
  • Passive Aggressive

13. What did Lavine find?

  • In clinical studies of antidepressants (increases serotonin levels) impulsive aggression and irritability were reduced
  • Amphetamines are drugs that increase dopamine increased aggressive behaviour
  • Anti-psychotic drugs (reduces dopamine) increased aggressive behaviour

14. What did Dabbs et al find?

  • Testosterone levels in saliva were able to correctly differentiate between violent and non-violent criminals.
  • Low levels of cortisol in habitual violent offenders
  • castrated male mice showed decreased aggression which then increased when given testosterone

15. Describe how cortisol affects aggression

  • High levels of cortisol inhibits testosterone leading to low levels of testosterone which reduces aggression
  • Stimulates aggressive responses to emotional stimuli
  • Inhibits aggressive responses to emotional stimuli
  • It activates areas of the brain dealing with aggression increasing levels of aggression

16. What did Virkkunen find?

  • Low levels of cortisol in habitual violent offenders
  • Castration(reducing testosterone levels) of schizophrenics (High dopamine levels) had no effect on aggressive tendencies
  • In clinical studies of antidepressants (increases serotonin levels) impulsive aggression and irritability were reduced

17. What did Scarbo and Raine find?

  • anti-psychotic drugs (reduces dopamine) increased aggressive behaviour
  • Low levels of serotonin are linked to aggression
  • Drugs that decrease serotonin levels increase measures of hostility