Network Devices

NIC

Network Interface Card. Provides physical, electrical and electronic connections to the network media. Contains LED's - one, called a link-light will flicker when traffic is being transmitted.

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Hub

A device that connects all the segments of the network together in a star topology. Each device will connect to the hub through a single cable. Any transmission received on one port will be sent out to all the other ports in the hub.

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Bridge

A network device that connects two similar network segments together. Its primary function is to keep traffic separated on either side of the bridge, breaking up collision domains.

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Switch

Connects multiple segments of a network together like a hub would however, it recognises frames and takes the destination MAC address into account as well as the port on which it was received and forward the frame to its intended recipient.

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Router

A network deviceused to connect many network segments together, combining them into a internetwork.

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Firewall

A network security guard that protects the LAN resources from invaders, They can filter packets based on rules set by the network administrator. It will have at least two network connections - public side and private side.

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IDS/IPS

Intrusion Detection Systems & Intrusion Prevention Systems. They are network security appliances that monitor networks and packets for malicious activity. IDS will monitor and keep records. IPS can work to stop threats as they occur.

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HIDS

Host-Based IDS is software that runs on one computer to detect abnormalities on tat system by monitoring applications, system logs and even logs. Typically implemented on servers.

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Access Point

AP is just a hub that accepts wireless clients via an analog wireless signal. The AP creates one collision domain and can only run half duplex.

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DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. DHCP servers assign IP addressed to host rather than the network administrator having to add static IP addresses. It receives a request for an IP from a DHCP client using a broadcast.

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DHCP Relay

If IP address information is required from a DHCP server that is not on the same LAN as the DHCP server you will need to configure a router interface to relay or forward the DHCP client requests.

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MLS

Multilayer Switch is a network device that switches on layer 2 and provides routing. A 24-port MLS operates at layer 3 (routing) while still providing 24 collision domains.

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Load Balancer

Alloys incoming packets to be sent to multiple machines behind one IP address.

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DNS

Domain Name Service matches domain names like google.com to their associated IP addresses — 173.194.39.78.

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FQDN

A hostname is the name of a device that has a specific IP address. FQDN consists of a hostname and a domain name.

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A Record

A record (Address Record) points a domain or subdomain to an IP address.

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AAAA Record

The AAAA record is similar to the A record, but it allows you to point the domain to an Ipv6 address.

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PTR

PTR record resolves an IP address to a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) as an opposite to what A record does. PTR records are also called Reverse DNS records.

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MX Record

A type of resource record in the Domain Name System that specifies a mail server responsible for accepting email messages on behalf of a recipient's domain.

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CNAME Record

Canonical Name allows hosts to have more than one name.

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Dynamic DNS

Dynamic DNS (DDNS or DynDNS) is a method of automatically updating a name server in the DNS. Hosts register their names with the DNS server as they receive their IP address configuration from the DHCP function.

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Proxy Server

A server that handles client-machine requests by fowarding them on to other servers while allowing granular control over the traffic between the local LAN and the internet.

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Caching Proxy Server

Speeds up the networks service requests by recovering information from a clients earlier request. It keeps local copies of the resources requested often which minimises bandwidth.

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Web Proxy Server

Usually used to create a web cache - the web proxy remembers you and the site will load faster and often recall your personal information by automatically filling in your username.

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Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy takes requests from the internet and forwards them to servers in an internal network.

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Analog Modem

A modem is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information - the signals are transmitted over telephone lines and demodulates the signal to decode the transmitted information by another modem at the receiving end.

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Packet Shaper

An internetworking traffic management technique that delays some or all packets to bring them into compliance with your company's traffic profile.

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VPN Concentrator

A device that accepts multiple VPN connections from remote locations. This function can be performed by a router or server but it has better performance benefits to have a dedicated device to this service.

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Network Devices

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Card 3

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Card 4

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Card 5

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