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6. What does information from the motor cortex areas travel to from 2/3 of the corticospinal tract?
- Periphery to brain
- Spinal cord
- Red nucleus to spinal cord
- Spinal cord to cerebellum
7. The basal ganglia is a complex...
- Heterogenous collection of interconnected nuclei
- Heterogenous collection of interconnected nuclei
- Homogenous collection of independent nuclei
- Homogenous collection of interconnected nuclei
8. What is Bradykinesia/Akinesia?
- Difficulties with daily activities e.g. writing
- Loss of interest with activities one previously enjoyed
- Descending loss of memory
- Less flexibility in the muscle tone
9. What are the lateral descending pathways involved in?
- Initiation of voluntary movement
- Execution of a sequence of actions
- Control and maintenance of posture
- Production of certain reflex movements
10. What does the motor cortico-basal ganglia loop not do?
- Motor and cognitive selection
- Cognitive control of actions
- Produce excitatory and inhibitory output
- Inhibition of actions
11. What does the basal ganglia have reduced input of?
- GABA
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
12. What are the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts involved in?
- Keep eyes stable when body moves
- Keeps head balanced on shoulders and body
- Stabilises posture by resisting the effects of gravity
- Turns head in response to sensory stimuli
13. What is the cerebellum's percentage of the mass of the brain?
14. What are the basal ganglia involved in?
- Movement initiation and control
- Movement initiation and planning
- Movement coordination and control
- Movement coordination and planning
15. What is the most common first symptom of PD?
- Loss of attention
- Resting tremor
- Bradykinesia/Akinesia
- Ridgity
16. What is ataxia?
- Uncoordinated and inaccurate movement
- Intention tremors at the end of movements
- Decomposition of synergistic multi joint movement
- Miscalculation of movement distance
17. What does each hemisphere of the cerebellum control?
- Unilateral movements
- Ipsilateral movements
- Contralateral movements
- Bilateral movements
18. What do lesions to the rubrospinal and corticospinal tract result in?
- Paralysis and recovery
- Paralysis without recovery
- No paralysis
- Paralysis with potential recovery
19. What do lesions to the corticospinal tract result in?
- Paralysis and recovery
- No paralysis
- Paralysis without recovery
- Paralysis with potential recovery
20. What is the cerebellum known as?
- Little heart
- Little brain
- Little muscle
- Little motor