Transport
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- Created by: Morgan
- Created on: 21-02-17 12:55
Circulation systems is composed of what...
Heart, blood vessels and blood
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What is the purpose of blood
Blood carries chemicals where needed, and transports waste products.
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What is the heart
The heart is a muscular pump.
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When the heart beats...
Blood is pumped to the lungs an around the body.
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The heart has for chambers, what are these
Two atria and two ventricles
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What is the purpose of the atria
It collects blood
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What is the purpose of the ventricles
Pump the blood out of the heart
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Name two other parts of the heart
Valves and septum
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What is the purpose of valves
Prevent the back flow of blood
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What is the purpose of the septum
Separates the parts of the heart
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Where is oxygenated blood
Left side of the heart
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Where is deoxygenated blood
Right side of the heart
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What does deoxyngated blood do/go
Goes to lungs to pick up oxygen
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What does oxygenated blood do/go
Goes from lungs around rest of body
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Name the three types of blood vessel
Arteries, capillaries and veins
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What do arteries do
Carry blood away from the heart ( these mainly carry oxygenate blood)
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Describe what arteries are like
+Have thick muscular walls +Have small passages for blood + contain blood under high pressure
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Describe what veins do
Carry blood IN the heart
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Describe what capillaries function is
+ Used for gas exchange. Oxygen passes through the capillary wall and Into the tissues, carbon dioxide passes from the tissues into the blood
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Describe what capillaries are like
+ they are one cell thick + Very low pressure + Found in muscles and lungs + Have pores for substances to diffuse in and out
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Describe what veins are like
+ thin walls + large internal passages for blood + contain blood. Under low pressure
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What do veins have
Valves, to stop the back flow of blood
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How to remember the function of the blood vessels
+ the Arteries carry blood Away from the heart + veINs carry blood IN to the heart + Capillaries involve gas exchange of oxygen and Carbon dioxide
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The blood has four key components, what are these
+ Plasma, RBC, WBC, Platelets
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What is the purpose of plasma
+ Carries carbon dioxide, water and glucose + Fluid part of blood
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What is the purpose of RBC
+ Contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen
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What does haemoglobin carry
Oxygen
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What is the purpose of WBC
+ Important part of the immune system
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Where are WBC and RBC made
+ bone marrow
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How do WBC help immunity
+ Produce antibodies and. Destroy harmful microorganism
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What is the purpose of platelets
+ Protects the body to prevent bleeding
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How do platelets stop bleeding
Clump together to form clots
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What is respiration
Chemical reaction that happens in all living cells. It is the way energy is released from glucose, for our cells to use to keep us functioning
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What is the equation for respiration
Glucose + Oxygen -> water (+energy)
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Glucose is a type of what
Carbohydrate
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How is glucose obtained
Through the digestion of food.
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What Is digestion
Digestion is the break down of food into molecules
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How are small food molecules absorbed
Across the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream
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Where is glucose dissolved and where can it diffuse from
Plasma ad capillaries
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What is a plasma
The yellow, liquid part of our blood
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What is alveoli
Small air sacs
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When we breath where does oxygen enter
The air sacs
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Where are alveoli found
Lungs
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Where does oxygen diffuse to after the alveoli
Bloodstream
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What is oxygen carried by
RBC
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What do RBC contain
Haemoglobin
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What happens with the haemoglobin and oxygen
Joins onto the oxygen and carries it into cells.
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What do RBC carry around the body
Oxygen
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What waste product is made from respiration
Carbon dioxide
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Where does carbon dioxide diffuse into
Blood Plasma
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After the blood plasma, where does carbon dioxide get carried to
Lungs
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Where does carbon dioxide go after the lungs
Across the walls of the alveoli and into the air, to be exhaled
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Name the steps of carbon dioxide from cells to air
+ Diffuses out of cells into blood plasma + Blood carries it to lungs + Diffuses across walls of alveoli and into the air + Its then exhaled
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The heart is described as a double pump, why
+ There are two separate circulation systems, one to lungs (deoxygenated) and other to rest of body (oxygenated)
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Where does blood enter the heart
+ Atria
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When may artifial blood be used
+ If a patient has los a lot of blood and a donor isn't available
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What can a plasma be used for
Medical treatment, when one has lost a lot of blood, ALTHOUGH without RBC and haemoglobin, blood Carries oxygen less efficiently
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What are platelets
Small fragments of cells
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What don't platelets have
A nucleus
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What is blood
Blood is a tissue, consisting of RBC, WBC and platelets
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What is a plasma
The liquid part of blood
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What does blood plasma transport
Carbon dioxide from organs to lungs and soluble products of digestion: glucose, amino acids and urea
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What is haemoglobin based oxygen made up from
Sterilised haemoglobin
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What can haemoglobin based oxygen come from
Human blood, cow blood, GM bacteria and Human placentas
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What is a stent
Artificial tubes that can inserted into blood vessels
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What are stents made off
Non-corrosive metal
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What do stents do
If arteries began to narrow and restrict blood flow, stents keep them open.
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What are artificial hearts made from
Plastic or other man made materials that can replace ventricles and valves
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Name two ways the artificial hearts are pumped
1) Pump carried externally in a backpack 2) Internal. Pump and battery
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When may an artificial be used
When no donor hearts are available, and when a heart is needed
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What can be used to replace diseased valves
Artificial hearts
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What happens if a valve isn't working or diseased
Backflow of blood
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What is transpiration
Loss of water by evaporation from plants
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When does transpiration happen
When plants open their stomata in the leaves to let in carbon dioxide
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Explain factors increasing transpiration
More light, higher wind speed, higher temperature and low humidity
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What is meant by humid
Lots of moisture in the air
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How many transport systems do flowering plants have
Two
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What does Xylem tissue transport
Water and mineral ions
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Where is Xylem tissue transported from
The roots
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Where is Xylem tissue transported to
Stem and leaves
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What is meant by transpiration stream
Movement from roots, to stem to leaf, through Xylem vessels
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What does phloem tissue carry
Dissolved sugars
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Where is phloem carried
From leaves to the rest of plant (including growing regions and storage organs)
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How is the SA of roots increased
Root hair cells
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Where are most water and mineral ions absorbed (roots)
By root hair cells
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What is water is absorbed by in roots
Osmosis
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What is Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from high to low concernration (across concentration gradient), through a semi-permeable membrane
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What process are mineral ions absorbed by
Active transport
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What is active transport
Net movement of molecules or ions across cell membrane, against the concerntration gradeient (low to high)
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How is the surface area of leaves increased
Flattered shape and internal spaces
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Where does most photosynthesis take place
Palisade cells
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What does stomata do regarding carbon dioxide
Obtains it from the atmosphere
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In which plant process is carbon dioxide used in
Photosynthesis
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What is the size of the stomata controlled by
Guard cells
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When do stomata open, why
Day, so carbon dioxide can diffuse in
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When do stomata close, why
Night,no carbon dioxide is required so to prevent water loss
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How do stomata prevent wintering when water is rapidly being lost
Close
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When may a plant begin to wilt
If the plant is loosing water faster than being replaced by the roots
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Explain transpiration
Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapour from the surface of their leaves, it evaporates into the air spaces in the least and then diffuses out the stomata
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How is phloem specialised
Has sieve plates
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What is the energy source of transpiration
Sun
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Which cells control stomata
Guard
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How does water enter the roots
Osmosis
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In which direction does water travel in a plant
Upwards
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In which direction does sugar travel in a plant
All
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Describe a plant when it's lost a lot of water
Flaccid
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Describe a plant its full of water
Turgid
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What is diffusion
Spread of particles, from high conc to low conc across a cell membrane, in order to enter or leave a cell
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Why are capillary walls so thin
So ONLY one blood cells can go through at a time,
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What do platelets do
Form clots by joining together, in order to stop bleeding
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What is carried in the plasma
Hormones, water, glucose, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, carbon dioxide, urea
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Components of blood
RBCS (oxygen), WBC (infections/immunity), platelets, vitamins, carbon dioxide and urea
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Why are capillaries thin walled
So only one blood cells can flow through
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What is a stent
Metal component, put into a blood vessel in order to open arteries to keep blood flowing. This is used for people who's arteries are closing.
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Why do arteries need to be elastic
In the arteries there is high pressure, so in order to withstand the walls need to be strong, and therefore are elasticated
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What are heart valves for
Control blood flow
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Name the four chambers of the heart
Right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium and left atrium
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Where is the right atrium
Left top side
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Where is the right ventricle
Left bottom side
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Where is the left atrium
Right top side
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Where is the left ventricle
Right bottoms die
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What does Xylem carry, how, where
Water and mineral ions by osmosis.From roots, to the stem, to the leaves through Xylem vessels.
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What does Phloem carry, how, where
Dissolved sugar molecules by active transport. From leaves to the rest of plant.
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What are phloem vessels involved in
Translocation
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What is translocation
Movement of substances from the stems o growing tissues and storage tissues.
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What do Xylem consist of
Dead cells
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What does phloem consist of
Columns of living cells
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What's force does transpiration move against
Gravity
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How Xylem go against gravity
It moves upwards from the root to leaves, this breaks the rules of gravity.
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When transpiration is increased ....
A larger amount of water is uptaken from the soil
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How are plants adapted for photosynthesis
The flat, thin shape of the leaf, its spongy mesophyll lays and stomata alllow water loss from the leaf.
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How does transpiration go against gravity
Through the pumping Action. There is an extremely strong bond with causes the water molecules to be sucked up, where it evaporates
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the purpose of blood
Back
Blood carries chemicals where needed, and transports waste products.
Card 3
Front
What is the heart
Back
Card 4
Front
When the heart beats...
Back
Card 5
Front
The heart has for chambers, what are these
Back
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