Metals

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  • Created by: nina
  • Created on: 31-05-13 15:23
what does the earth's crust contain?
metals and metal compounds mixed with other substances
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what is a metal ore?
a rock containing a metal or metal compound that is high enough in concentration to make it economic to extract
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why are metals extracted from what they're mixed with?
to make them useful
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what does the ease by which a metal is extracted depend on?
its reactivity
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which metals are extracted by electrolysis?
the most reactive
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how are unreactive metals like gold found?
in their native state
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what are 3 advantages of mining?
provides jobs, invests in local area, metal is a useful resource
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what are 3 adisdvantages of mining?
ruins habitats, air/noise/visual pollution, more traffic
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when can carbon be used to extract metals from metal oxides?
if the metal is lower than carbon in the reactivity series
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how ix oxygen removed from a metal oxide?
via reduction
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when a metal oxide is heated with carbon, what two products are formed?
metal as an element and carbon dioxide
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what will a less reactive metal be displaced by from its compounds?
a more reactive metal
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where is iron extracted?
in a blast furnace
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the common iron ore, haematite, is mainly iron mixed with what?
sand
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when iron ore, coke and limestone are heated in a blast furnace, what products are formed?
carbon dioxide and iron oxide
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when iron oxide reacts with carbon monoxide in the blast furnace, what two products are formed?
Iron and carbon dioxide
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what happens to limestone in a blast furnace?
it decomposes to form calcium oxide which reacts with acidic impurities to form a ****
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why is pure iron not that useful?
the layers of atoms can slide over each other making it too soft and easily formed
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what happens when another element is added to a metal to make an alloy?
the properties of the metal change
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why are alloys harder than pure metals?
the added element means the arrangement of atoms becomes distorted so the layers can't slide over each other
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what is added to iron to make a steel alloy?
carbon
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what are the properties of: low carbon steel, high carbon steel, stainless steel?
low carbon steel:easily shaped; high carbon steel:hard; stainless steel:hard and doesn't rust
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blast furnace iron contains about 96% iron so the impurities make it very brittle. what is one if its limited uses?
using it as cast iron because of its strength in compression
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copper, gold, and aluminium are too soft for many uses so what metals are added to them to make them harder?
zinc added to copper to make brass; tin added to copper to make bronze; copper added to aluminium to make duralmin; copper added to gold to make 18 carat gold
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why are transition metals useful as structural metals?
they're good conductors of heat, electricity, and are malleable
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why is copper used for electrical wiring and plumbing?
good conductor or electricity and heat and doesn't react with water
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what is smelting?
extracting copper by heating copper ores in a furnace
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what is the process the purifies impure copper?
electrolysis
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why are new methods of extracting copper being developed?
copper rich ores are running out and mining + extraction have big environmental impacts
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what happens in phytoming?
roots of plants absorb copper compounds. the plants are then burned to produce ash which contains the copper compounds, which can then be smelted
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what happens in bioleaching?
bacteria is used to produce solutions called leachates which contain copper compounds
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how can copper be obtained from copper salt solutions?
by electrolysis
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how is scrap iron used to extract copper?
by displacement
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what happens in electrolysis?
positive ions move towards the negative electrode, uses electricity to break up a compound
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why are aluminium and titanium useful metals?
they have a low density and are resistant to corrosion
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why can't aluminium and titanium by extracted by carbon?
they're more reactive than carbon
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why are current methods to extract aluminium and titanium expensive?
require a lot of energy and there are many stages in the processes
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give 4 reasons why metals should be recycled
extraction uses limited resources, is expensive, requires a lot of energy, overall bad effect on the environment
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is a metal ore?

Back

a rock containing a metal or metal compound that is high enough in concentration to make it economic to extract

Card 3

Front

why are metals extracted from what they're mixed with?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does the ease by which a metal is extracted depend on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

which metals are extracted by electrolysis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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