Rank the following from MOST TO LEAST reactive: Al, Na, Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Zn
K< Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu
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How does reactivity of a metal change moving down a group? Why?
It increases, the atom is bigger, the outer electron is further from the positive nucleus, less energy is needed to remove it, it is more reactive
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How does reactivity change moving across a period? Why?
It decreases, the atom radius decreases, the outer electrons are closer to the positive nucleus, they require mroe energy to be removed, they are less reactive
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Metal + Oxygen =
Metal oxide
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how are reactive metals ( K and Na) reacted with oxygen vs less reactive metals (Ca to Cu) with oxygen?
More reactive - bunsen burner ignites them, then burned in sealed gas jar. Less reactive- heated in a cruible with lid.
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Describe the observations when burning the following in air: K, Na, Ca, Mg
K - burns with lilac flame, Na - burns with yellow/orange flame, Ca - burns with brick red flame, Mg - burns with bright white light
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Metal + Water =
Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
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K + H2O= ? (Balance and include observations)
2K + 2H2O = 2KOH + H2 Lilac flame, floats on surface, vigorous reaction, melts into a ball, gives off bubbles, disappears to form colourless solution
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Na + H2O= ? (Balance and include observations)
2Na + 2H2O = "NaOH + H2 Orange flame, less vigorous than K, floats on surface, melts, bubbles of H2 gas, disappears to form colourless solution
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Ca + H2O=? (Balance and include observations)
Ca + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2 + H2 No flame, not vigorous, bubbles of gas given off, heat given off, disappears to produce milky solution
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How can we test that gas given off is hydrogen?
collect it in a boiling tube, it will ignite with a squeeky pop
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What form of water will react with less reactive metals eq Mg?
Steam
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Is copper reactive enough to react with water?
No
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What colour is copper sulphate/nitrate/chloride solution?
Blue
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What colour is iron sulphate/nitrate/chloride solution?
Green
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What happens when solid iron is added to copper sulphate solution?
the blue copper sulphate solution turns green, the iron has displaced the copper in the sulphate solution, and the dark grey iron solid disappears and is replaced by a red/brown solid. It is also exothermic
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What happens when solid magnesium is added to copper sulphate solution?
The blue copper sulphate solution turns COLOURLESS, the magnesium has displaced the copper to form colourless magnesium sulphate solution. The magnesium disappears and a red/brown solid forms
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How does displacement work?
More reactive metals will displace less reactive metal solutions and a reaction will be observed. Less reactive metals will not displace more reactive metal solutions
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How are more reactive metals extracted from their ores vs less reactive metals? Eg Al vs Fe
Al is extracted by electrolysis, Fe is extracted by chemical reduction
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How does reactivity of a metal change moving down a group? Why?
Back
It increases, the atom is bigger, the outer electron is further from the positive nucleus, less energy is needed to remove it, it is more reactive
Card 3
Front
How does reactivity change moving across a period? Why?
Back
Card 4
Front
Metal + Oxygen =
Back
Card 5
Front
how are reactive metals ( K and Na) reacted with oxygen vs less reactive metals (Ca to Cu) with oxygen?
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