Memory is the process by which we retain information about events that have happened in the past
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What are the three main processes of memory?
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
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What do each of these processes involve?
Encoding involves creating a memory trace - a representation of something. Storage involves storing this memory trace within the memory system and Retrieval is the ability to retrieve and remember the memories.
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What did Chase and Simon find?
They found that expert chess players were better at recalling chess moves than novice players
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What did Morris et al find?
They found that football enthusiasts were more likely to remember football scores than someone who was not interested in football at all.
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What is the duration of STM and LTM?
The duration of STM is between 3 - 18 seconds. However the duration of LTM is potentially unlimited.
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What is the capacity of STM and LTM?
The STM capacity is 7 plus or minus 2 (Miller) whilst the LTM capacity is Potentially unlimited
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What is the encoding for STM and LTM?
STM stores information acoustically (through sound) and the LTM stores it semantically (through meaning)
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What did Miller find in 1956?
He found that the capacity of the STM is 7 plus or minus 2
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What was the work of Peterson and Peterson (1969)?
Peterson and Peterson studied students and got them to remember nonsense trigrams whilst also counting backwards in 3's and 4's for a period of time. Participants remembered trigram when 3 seconds but not 18 seconds. STM is limited in duration
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What are some of the criticisms of Peterson and Peterson?
Nonsense trigrams are not like real life, studied students who are not like normal people, laboratory experiment and therefore knew they would have to remember (demand characteristics)
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