memory
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- Created by: Eleanor_harvey
- Created on: 13-05-22 15:38
What is the Multi store model ?
A cognitive explanation of memory introduced by Atkinson and Shiffrin.
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What is a strength of the MSM ?
S - Case study of HM supports as he lost his hippocampus and was left unable to learn new things in LTM but could remember strings of didgets in STM, proving there are two seperate memory stores.
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What is a weakness of the MSM ?
W - Three stores is too simpistic
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What is the sensory register ?
The SR recieves imput from our senses and is the first storage system in the MSM, contains all the info we attend to conciously and subconciously
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Coding in the sensory register
Each sensor has a seperate store:
Echoic - sound
Iconic - Vision
Gustatory - taste
Olfactory - smell
Haptic - touch
CROWDER - found info stayed in the iconic store dor a few milliseconds but in the choic store for several seconds
Echoic - sound
Iconic - Vision
Gustatory - taste
Olfactory - smell
Haptic - touch
CROWDER - found info stayed in the iconic store dor a few milliseconds but in the choic store for several seconds
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Capacity of the sensory register
Each sensory store has a large capacity
SPERLING - flashed a grid of letters onto a screen for 1/20th of a second while sounding a tone, up to 75% were able to recall the row of the tone they heard.
SPERLING - flashed a grid of letters onto a screen for 1/20th of a second while sounding a tone, up to 75% were able to recall the row of the tone they heard.
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Duration in the sensory register
Different sensory stores have different durations but all seem to decay quickly
WALSH AND THOMPSON - found that the iconic store had a duration of 500 milliseconds which decreased with age
WALSH AND THOMPSON - found that the iconic store had a duration of 500 milliseconds which decreased with age
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What is short term memory ?
Information that we have payed attention to is stored in the STM.
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Capacity of STM
+7/-2 (5to9) however we can use chunking to increase capacity
MILLER AND JACOBS - used the digit span method where each time the ppt would have to recall a longer list untill they meet their limit.
MILLER AND JACOBS - used the digit span method where each time the ppt would have to recall a longer list untill they meet their limit.
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Coding in STM
Info stored from the senses either;
Acoustically - remembering sounds and words
Visually - remembering images
Semantically - remembering meanings
BADDELEY - discovered coding in STM is mainly acoustic by giving ppts similar sounding words and asked them
Acoustically - remembering sounds and words
Visually - remembering images
Semantically - remembering meanings
BADDELEY - discovered coding in STM is mainly acoustic by giving ppts similar sounding words and asked them
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Duration in STM
brief 18-30 seconds but can be extended by rehersal.
Peterson and Peterson - got ppts to learn trigrams and the count backwards from a three didget number until told to stop.
Peterson and Peterson - got ppts to learn trigrams and the count backwards from a three didget number until told to stop.
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What is long term memory ?
Stores info over long periods of time.
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Coding in LTM
Visually
Acoustically
Semantically
FROST - free recall task to shoe ppts used both visual and semantic.
Acoustically
Semantically
FROST - free recall task to shoe ppts used both visual and semantic.
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Capacity of LTM
Unlimited, however decay, interference and illness may result in the loss of info
ANOKHIN - by analysing neural connections, found no human can use all the potential of their of their brain
ANOKHIN - by analysing neural connections, found no human can use all the potential of their of their brain
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Duration of LTM
Unlimited
BAHRICK - asked people to put names to faces from their school year book which was accurate in those who had left 48 years ago but less accurate in the free recall, without seeing pictures.
BAHRICK - asked people to put names to faces from their school year book which was accurate in those who had left 48 years ago but less accurate in the free recall, without seeing pictures.
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What is the working memory model ?
Created by Baddley and Hitch as a more compex model of STM.
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What is the central executive ?
Filters stimuli from the SR - has limited capacity and selects what it attends to from experience.
Limited capacity
Only cope with one info at a time
Limited capacity
Only cope with one info at a time
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What is the Phonological loop ?
A temporary acoustic storage system for verbal info or mental info.
Has two subsystems; inner ear and inner voice
Capacity is about 2 seconds of spoken words
Has two subsystems; inner ear and inner voice
Capacity is about 2 seconds of spoken words
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What is the episodic buffer ?
Temporarily stores and integrates the infomation from the CE, PL, VSS and LTM
Capacity of 4 chunks
Coding is multidimensional
Capacity of 4 chunks
Coding is multidimensional
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What is the Visio - spacial sketchpad ?
stores visual and spacial infomation
Capacity is limited
Capacity is limited
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How to improve accuracy of Eye witness testimony
Coognitive interviews
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What is a cognitive interview ?
Created by Fisher and Geiselman and is an interview style that helps witnesses recall more details of crimes when giving statements to the police
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What are the 4 stages of Cognitive interview ?
1. Report
2. Context
3. Order
4. Perspective
2. Context
3. Order
4. Perspective
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What is the enhanced cognitive interview ?
Extra features to make the witness more comfortable e.g.
no leading questions
no interuptions
no leading questions
no interuptions
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What are Strengths of the cognitive interview ?
1. They found CI had more accurate detailed memories than the standard pilice interview
2. Tulvings theory supports that both context and state-dependednt cues are involved in witnessing an event
2. Tulvings theory supports that both context and state-dependednt cues are involved in witnessing an event
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What are weaknesses of cognitive interview ?
1. Only works for some witnesses and some crimes
2. Requires well trained interviewers which could be costly.
2. Requires well trained interviewers which could be costly.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a strength of the MSM ?
Back
S - Case study of HM supports as he lost his hippocampus and was left unable to learn new things in LTM but could remember strings of didgets in STM, proving there are two seperate memory stores.
Card 3
Front
What is a weakness of the MSM ?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the sensory register ?
Back
Card 5
Front
Coding in the sensory register
Back
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