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6. Who do the hypodermic syringe model believe are vulnerable to media content due to impressionability?

  • Elderly
  • Children and teenagers
  • Young adults
  • The working class

7. Who argued that children are sophisticated media users and can distinguish between real and cartoon violence?

  • Fesbach + Sanger
  • Hargrave
  • Ramos
  • Gerbner

8. Who criticised the Bobo Doll lab study for invalid results due to artificiality and researcher bias?

  • Pandura
  • Gauntlett
  • Bandura
  • Gaulet

9. what is meant by catharsis?

  • Blaming media for increased violence e.g. Marlynn Mason
  • Media is a safe outlet for aggressive impulses (Fesbach + Sanger)
  • Viewing so much violence that one sees the consequences of it as pain and suffereing so is more sympathetic toward victims so is less violent (Ramos)