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6. Which of these facts about Rotter's explanation of personality is false?

  • Locus of control and self-efficacy are example of expectancy concepts
  • Expectancy concepts and reinforcement values effects personality
  • Likelihood of behaviour is determined by expectancy and reinforcement value
  • Conditioning within a cognitive framework

7. How can traits of personality be identified?

  • Factor analysis
  • None of the above
  • Both of the above
  • Lexical approach

8. According to Eysenck's theory, what causes extroversion?

  • Shifting neural arousal
  • Low neural arousal
  • Stable neural arousal
  • High neural arousal

9. How can cultural differences in personality be explained?

  • Individualistic vs. collectivist
  • Complexity of culture
  • All of above
  • Gender schema differences

10. 'Prevent negative feelings reaching consciousness'. What type of defence mechanism is this?

  • Displacement
  • Repression
  • Sublimation
  • Denial

11. Which of the following statements are true?

  • Personality is stable and produces consistent responses
  • Personality is stable but responses change over time
  • Personality fluctuates but produces consistent responses
  • Personality fluctuates and responses change over time.

12. Psychodynamic theory says personality is an energy system. What is libido?

  • Innate drives that shape characteristics of personality
  • Psychic energy generated by instincts that drives behaviour by need for release
  • Psychic energy generated by unconscious processing that shapes our desires and characteristics
  • Innate drives that direct behaviour by needing satisfaction

13. Which of these does not determine the scientific usefulness of personality theories?

  • Empirical evidence
  • Stimulate new knowledge
  • Comprehensive and factual framework
  • Predictive power

14. What is personality?

  • Patterns of behaviour and thought responses
  • A psychophysical system
  • Distinctive ways of behaving
  • Enduring characteristics that arise in early life

15. What type of personality assessment does not rely on interpretation of responses from the researcher?

  • None of the above
  • Personality scales
  • Interviews
  • Projective tests

16. What factor decreases self-consistency/congruency according to Roger's theory of self?

  • Self-verification
  • Conditions of worth
  • Positive self-regard
  • Self-actualisation

17. Which of these characteristics are both part of Eysenck's theory and the five factor model?

  • Conscientiousness
  • Neuroticism
  • Openness
  • Agreeableness

18. Which process during psychosexual personality development does not determine the type of personality that develops?

  • Arrested development with instincts focussed on particular pleasure due to irregular stimulation
  • Id's pleasure-seeking is focussed on erogenous zones
  • Psychological retreat to earlier stages of development due to conflict
  • The five different stages

19. How does the CAPS explain the paradox of consistent personality and changing behaviour?

  • Behavioural signatures represent personality instead of all behaviour
  • Behavioural signatures are created by CAPS which are consistent responses in certain situations
  • All of the above
  • Behaviour depends on how situation, CAPS variables and the two interact

20. Which evidence does not support Eysenck's theory?

  • Correlations in relevant brain regions
  • None of the below
  • Higher concordance on personality traits for MZ than DZ twins
  • Patterns of brain activity