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6. Which of these facts about Rotter's explanation of personality is false?
- Locus of control and self-efficacy are example of expectancy concepts
- Expectancy concepts and reinforcement values effects personality
- Likelihood of behaviour is determined by expectancy and reinforcement value
- Conditioning within a cognitive framework
7. How can traits of personality be identified?
- Factor analysis
- None of the above
- Both of the above
- Lexical approach
8. According to Eysenck's theory, what causes extroversion?
- Shifting neural arousal
- Low neural arousal
- Stable neural arousal
- High neural arousal
9. How can cultural differences in personality be explained?
- Individualistic vs. collectivist
- Complexity of culture
- All of above
- Gender schema differences
10. 'Prevent negative feelings reaching consciousness'. What type of defence mechanism is this?
- Displacement
- Repression
- Sublimation
- Denial
11. Which of the following statements are true?
- Personality is stable and produces consistent responses
- Personality is stable but responses change over time
- Personality fluctuates but produces consistent responses
- Personality fluctuates and responses change over time.
12. Psychodynamic theory says personality is an energy system. What is libido?
- Innate drives that shape characteristics of personality
- Psychic energy generated by instincts that drives behaviour by need for release
- Psychic energy generated by unconscious processing that shapes our desires and characteristics
- Innate drives that direct behaviour by needing satisfaction
13. Which of these does not determine the scientific usefulness of personality theories?
- Empirical evidence
- Stimulate new knowledge
- Comprehensive and factual framework
- Predictive power
14. What is personality?
- Patterns of behaviour and thought responses
- A psychophysical system
- Distinctive ways of behaving
- Enduring characteristics that arise in early life
15. What type of personality assessment does not rely on interpretation of responses from the researcher?
- None of the above
- Personality scales
- Interviews
- Projective tests
16. What factor decreases self-consistency/congruency according to Roger's theory of self?
- Self-verification
- Conditions of worth
- Positive self-regard
- Self-actualisation
17. Which of these characteristics are both part of Eysenck's theory and the five factor model?
- Conscientiousness
- Neuroticism
- Openness
- Agreeableness
18. Which process during psychosexual personality development does not determine the type of personality that develops?
- Arrested development with instincts focussed on particular pleasure due to irregular stimulation
- Id's pleasure-seeking is focussed on erogenous zones
- Psychological retreat to earlier stages of development due to conflict
- The five different stages
19. How does the CAPS explain the paradox of consistent personality and changing behaviour?
- Behavioural signatures represent personality instead of all behaviour
- Behavioural signatures are created by CAPS which are consistent responses in certain situations
- All of the above
- Behaviour depends on how situation, CAPS variables and the two interact
20. Which evidence does not support Eysenck's theory?
- Correlations in relevant brain regions
- None of the below
- Higher concordance on personality traits for MZ than DZ twins
- Patterns of brain activity