6. Which structure was found to be larger in Taxi drivers compared to the control group?
Anterior Hippocampus
Posterior Hippocampus
Left Hippocampus
Right Hippocampus
7. How did the researchers test to make sure that the independent variable was what affected the dependent variable?
A correlational analysis found that the longer a person had been a taxi driver, the larger their hippocampal grey matter in the area affecting spatial navigation
They didn't
Some of the control group consisted of people who had taken "The Knowledge" but not become taxi drivers
The data had concurrent validity with previously established research
8. What was the independent variable
The time the taxi driver had been driving post "The Knowledge"
Whether or not the participant was a taxi driver
Whether or not the participant had passed "The Knowledge"
The mean mass of the participant's hippocampi
9. What was the dependent variable?
How long participants had been driving a taxi for
Whether participants were taxi drivers or not
The volume of grey matter in the hippocampus
The mass of grey matter in the hippocampus
10. What was consistent between both groups
The right hippocampus was larger than the left
There were no significant similarities
The left hippocampus was larger than the right
The posterior hippocampus was larger than the anterior
11. What was the experimental design
Matched Pairs
Independent Groups
There wasn't one
Repeated Measures
12. What was the third control, other than handedness and gender, matched for?
Age
BMI
Time Driving A Taxi
Time After taking "The Knowledge"
13. Which of these isn't a way that the study could be improved/ followed up?
Repeat the experiment with a different gender/handedness
Repeat the experiment with more participants
See if the effects are present for other groups of individuals
Use an fMRI scan to get more detail regarding the hippocampus
14. What was the correlation Coefficient found in the correlational analysis
0.8
0.6
0.3
0.4
15. How many participants were in each group
16
18
23
19
16. What is VBM?
Using a template based on 13 of the control group to measure the grey matter in the hippocampi
Measuring the grey matter visible in at least 26 slices of each hippocampi
A brain scanning technique that was used to determine the mass of grey matter in the hippocampi to ensure concurrent validity
A test on spatial awareness taken by all participants. They were marked out of 50
17. What was the mean age of the experimental group?
50
36
44
53
18. What is the greatest ethical flaw
Right to Withdraw
None
Informed Consent
Integrity
19. How were members of the control group selected?
50 most recent patients to have an MRI scan which found nothing wrong in an American hospital
Opportunity Sample of students from Cambridge University
Sample who had MRI scans in an accessible database
Volunteer sample of students from Stanford University
20. How was varying brain size taken into account?
Participants were matched for similar skull cirumference
Participants were assume to have similar sized skulls, so the difference was considered negligible
