LO1 - cells and organelles

?
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Similarities: -Both have a plasma membrane
1 of 29
What are the key differences between animal , plant , fungi and bacterial cells?
Animal , plant and fungi cells are eukaryotic and bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells. Fungi and animal cells both contain chitin which is a complex car
2 of 29
Describe the structure and function of Mitochondria.
Membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
3 of 29
Describe the structure and function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Membrane bound organelle that doesn't contain ribosomes. It helps to create and transport lipids and steroids.
4 of 29
Describe the structure and function of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Membrane bound organelle that is studded with ribosomes that have been produced in the nucleus. It is the site of protein and lipid synthesis
5 of 29
Describe the structure and function of ribosomes
The are formed out of protein and rRNA. They have a large subunit which joins amino acids & small subunit with mRNA binding site.
6 of 29
How is a neuron specialised for its function?
-Contains long neurons to transmit signals to their destination faster. -Contains a myelin sheath that acts as an electrical insulator. It is made up of Schwann cells.
7 of 29
Describe the structure and function of a nucleus
It is made up of: -the nucleolus (responsible for making ribosomes). -Nuclear envelope (surrounds nucleus and connects to
8 of 29
What is cell signaling and what is it used for?
Regulation of cell behaviour by signals from outside. Cellular communication through chemical signals (proteins or other molecules produced by sending cells). Chem
9 of 29
Describe the structure and function of lysosomes
They are usually spherical shaped and they are found near the Golgi body. They contain digestive enzymes to digest unwanted particles and r
10 of 29
Describe the structure and function of a cell vacuole
It is a space or vesicle that is surrounded by the membrane in the cytoplasm of a cell that is filled with organic and inorganic molecules along with water. In animal cells they trans
11 of 29
Describe the structure and function of Golgi apparatus/body
They are membrane bound organelles that is responsible for sorting and shipping proteins produced in the ER.
12 of 29
What are the similarities and differences between active and passive transport?
Active transport is against the concentration gradient and requires ATP. Passive transport is along the concentration gradient and doesn't require energy.
13 of 29
Describe the structure and function of microfilaments
Polymers of actin that are part of the cell's cytoskeleton which provides the cells structure. Microfilaments are the smallest filament that have roles in cell movement, muscle co
14 of 29
Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane
It is a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell. Composed of a phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins. The Phospholipid bilayer a
15 of 29
What is passive transport?
Movement of molecules in and out of cells. The movement of ions and other molecular substances across cell membranes along the concentration gradient without need of energy input.
16 of 29
What is active transport?
Movement of molecules in and out of cells. The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration against the concentration gradient , assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
17 of 29
Where does Glycosis occur?
Glycosis occurs in the cytosol of the cell (the fluid component of the cytoplasm)
18 of 29
What are the similarities and differences between plasma membrane and the cell membrane?
They are both boundaries made up of a phospholipid bilayer, However: -The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm. -
19 of 29
What cell structures are involved in respiration?
-Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. -Pyruvate oxidisation, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria.
20 of 29
How is a red blood cell specialised for its function?
-They have a biconcave structure which increases surface area , allowing more oxygen to be carried. -Do not have a nucleus to increase room inside the cell for oxygen and haemoglobin.
21 of 29
What is the structure and function of cilia
Is hair-like protrusions on eukaryotic cells. They move back and fourth rhythmically to sweep foreign substances e.g. dust or pathogens away / to enable the cell to move
22 of 29
What are the 3 ways that cells are able to move
-Using flagella (e.g. spermatozoa) -Using cilia (moving liquid over the cell) -Using contractions (through movement of cytoskeleton
23 of 29
What is cell metabolism and what is it's purpose?
It is the conversion from food to the metabolic processes. (food to energy). It involves the production of ATP through glycolysis, Krebs cycle a
24 of 29
What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane?
It is a semipermeable barrier that encloses cells or organelles. The composition may change based on the requirements of the cellular compartment.
25 of 29
What is the structure and function of centrioles
-Made up of microtubules and forms spindle fibres to seperate chromosomes during cell division. They always appear in pairs which are called centrosomes.
26 of 29
How is spermatozoa specialised for its function
-Contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy for movement -Contains an acrosome that releases enzymes to the outside of the egg so the sperm can penetrate the egg. -Small, thin
27 of 29
How is an Ova specialised for its functions?
-Pelliucic membrane that protects the inner contents of the ovum. -Corona radiata to help prevent polyspermy -Contains nutrients to provide support for the developing embryo.
28 of 29
What is autophagy and what is its purpose?
It is the cellular destruction of internal components or microbial invaders. Way of cleaning out damaged cells through self eating.
29 of 29

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the key differences between animal , plant , fungi and bacterial cells?

Back

Animal , plant and fungi cells are eukaryotic and bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells. Fungi and animal cells both contain chitin which is a complex car

Card 3

Front

Describe the structure and function of Mitochondria.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the structure and function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the structure and function of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Biological molecules, organic chemistry and biochemistry resources »