There may be other intervening --------- that cause the link between sleep duration & mortality (e.g. underlying illness may lead to increased sleep needs & to increased mortality).
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Card 27
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Reduced sleep may not be a consequence of physiological changes but may be explained in terms of actual problems ------- asleep, such as sleep apnoea or medical illness.
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Card 28
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Problems staying asleep are also explained by the fact that deep sleep (SWS) is reduced in old age, so the older sleeper is more ------ woken.
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Card 29
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The reduction in SWS leads to reduced production of ------ hormone (as this is mainly produced in SWS), which may explain some of the symptoms associated with old age - such as lack of energy & lower bone density.
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Card 30
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IDA - This approach is important as it recognises sleep patterns ------ as we age - for a long time psychologists ignored this and thought there was 1 pattern that applied to all ages - this association of age & sleep has led to new understanding.
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Card 31
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IDA - There are useful ------------ of this research, such as Wilson & Carskadon's suggestion that school should start later to accommodate delayed sleep phase syndrome.
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Card 32
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IDA - Researchers have also suggested that the effects of ageing could be reduced by improving sleep 'hygiene' - improving the ----------- of sleep. (e.g. napping may reduce the amount of deep sleep during the night -> should resist having naps).
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Card 33
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IDA - psychologists assume about sleep behaviour based on research that's been largely conducted with American & British samples - such research assumes there're no cultural ---------- on sleep behaviour but this may not be true. (Cultural bias).
