Lexis & Semantics

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  • Created by: Olivia
  • Created on: 04-05-13 11:19
Subject Pronoun
Occurs as the actor in the verbal process
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Object Prounoun
Occurs as being affected by the verb process
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Possessive Pronoun
Demonstrates ownership
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Lexical words
Carry explicit meanings and are open to new additions and derivations (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)
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Functional Words
Have less explicit meanings and highlight relationships between words (determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns)
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Conjunction
Links words, phrases or clauses together
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Preposition
Shows relation in terms of time or place (in, at, by, on)
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Pronoun
Replaces nouns and can refer forwards or backwards to them in longer stretches of text
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Person pronoun
I, You, She, They
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Reflexive pronoun
Myself, himself, themselves
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Demonstrative pronoun
This, these, that, those
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Relative pronoun
Who, whom, which
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Proper noun
Refers to names of people or places
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Abstract noun
Refers to states, feelings and concepts with no physical existence
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Concrete noun
Refers to objects with a physical existence
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Material verbs
Describe actions or events (hit, run, eat)
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Relational verbs
Describe states of being or are used to identify (be, appear, seem)
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Mental verbs
Describe perception, thought or speech (think, speak, believe, love)
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Dynamic verbs
There is a change in state over time (paint, remove, eat)
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Stative verbs
The situation remains constant (love, hold, believe)
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Adjective
Adds further description or modifies a noun
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Base form
The simple form of an adjective, modifies
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Comparative
The adjective form comparing two items (generally ends in -er)
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Superlative
Adjectives inflected with -est or combined with 'most'
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Adverb
Add information or modify verb processes, adjectives or other adverbs or whole sentences
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Cohesion
How well a text fits together; it's internal logic and construction
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Lexical connectors
Provide cohesion within the body of a text
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Lexical connector: Addition
And, also, too, in addition, furthermore
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Lexical connector: Consequence
So, therefore, thus, as a result, consequently
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Lexical connector: Comparative
Similarly, likewise, just as, as well, also, but, however, whereas, and, yet...
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Lexical connector: Temporal
Later, next, now, soon, afterwards
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Lexical connector: Enumeration
Firstly, then, finally
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Lexical connector: Summative
In conclusion, on the whole, with all things considered
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Referencing
When lexical items replace those already mentioned or about to be mentioned
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Anaphoric referencing
Referring back to an already stated lexical item
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Cataphoric referencing
Referring forward to an as yet undisclosed item
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Substitution
The replacing of one set of lexical items for another so as not to be repetitive
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Ellipsis
The missing out of a word or words in a sentence
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Denotation
The literal (strict dictionary) meaning of a word
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Connotation
An associated, symbolic meaning based on culturally shared conventions
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Synonymy
Words with very similar semantic value
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Antonymy
Words with opposite semantic value
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Hyponomy
The heirarchial structure between lexical items
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Euphemism
A socially acceptable word used to talk about something distasteful
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Dysphemism
A to-the-point and perhaps taboo term
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Complementary antonyms
Antonyms with definite opposite meanings
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Gradable antonyms
Not exact opposites, can be considered in degrees of the quality
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Subordinate (hyponym)
A more specific lexical item
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Superordinate (hypernym)
A more general lexical item
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Under-specifity
An inappropriately vague answer
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Over-specifity
An inappropriately too specific answer
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Conceptual metaphor
A recognisable physical scenario is contrasted with an abstract one to make it more understandable
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Occurs as being affected by the verb process

Back

Object Prounoun

Card 3

Front

Demonstrates ownership

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Carry explicit meanings and are open to new additions and derivations (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Have less explicit meanings and highlight relationships between words (determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns)

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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