LANGUAGE CHANGE

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  • Created by: ShazzaM
  • Created on: 02-04-15 13:39
Standardisaton
making all variations of language conform to the standard language
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Mixed-mode
features of printed text combined with features expected in conversation
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Diachronic change
refers to the study of historical language change occurring over a span of time
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Synchronic change
refers to an approach that studies language at a theoretical point in time without considering the historical context
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Lexicon
the vocabulary of a language
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Political correctness
words or phrases used to replace those that are deemed offensive
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Overt prestige
Refers to the status speakers get from using the most official and standard form of a language. RP and Standard English are accepted as the most prestigious English accent and dialect
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Received Pronunciation (RP)
the prestige of English pronunciation which is sometimes considered the 'accent' of Standard English
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Covert prestige
refers to the status speakers who choose not to adopt a standard dialect get from a particular group within society
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Borrowing / Loan-word
the introduction of a word from a language to another which can be anglicised or remain similar to the original in spelling and pronunciation
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Eponym
the name of a person after whom something is named
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Proprietary names
the name given to a product by one organisation becomes the commonly used name for the same product as a whole
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Acronym
a lexicalised word made up form the initial letters of a phrase and is said as a word i.e. N.A.S.A and S.W.A.T
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Initialism
a word made form initial letter where each letter is pronounced separately i.e. DVD and DNA
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Clipping
a new word produced by the shortening of an existing one i.e. 'edit' from 'editor'
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Affixiation
the addition of bound morphemes to an existing word
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Prefixes
the addition of a bound morpheme to the beginning of a root word i.e. CO-pilot
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Suffixes
the addition of a bound morpheme to the end of a root word i.e. laughING
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Conversion
A word changes its word class without adding a suffix i.e. noun --> verb Google - to google
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Compound
the combination of separate words to create a new word, sometimes using a hyphen to link them i.e. childlike and six-pack
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Back formation
the removal of an imagined affix from an existing word i.e. editor becomes edit
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Blending
two words fusing to make a new one i.e. smoke+fog = SMOG
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Obsolete
a word that no longer has ANY use
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Drift
A process of linguistic change over a period of time
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Amelioraton
a word takes on a more positive meaning than it had previously which gains status for it i.e. PRETTY - used to mean sly -> now means attractive
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Pejoration
A word takes on a more negative meaning than it had previously which loses its status i.e. CUNNING - used to mean learned -> now means deceitful
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Weakening
a word loses the strength of its original meaning i.e. SOON - used to mean immediately -> now means in a short while
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Narrowing
a word becomes more specific in its meaning i.e. WIFE - used to refer to any woman -> now means a married woman
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Broadening
A word that keeps its original meaning but gains other definitions also i.e. DOG - used to be a specific breed -> now the hyponym for all breeds of dog
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Euphemism
inoffensive word or phrase used to describe something unpleasant in a more considerate way i.e. died - passed away
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Dysphemism
a derogatory term or phrase used in place of a more pleasant one i.e. 'a four foot box, a foot for every year'
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Metaphor
a word a quires new meanings because it is used metaphorically
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Idiom
a speech form or an expression that can't be understand literally from the meanings of the individual parts i.e. 'pull your socks up' --> try harder
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Archaism
an old word or phrase no longer in general spoken or written use
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Orthography
the way in which the words of a language are spelled
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Dummy auxiliary
the verb 'do' which is used to form questions and negatives or to add emphasis in a statement i.e. 'I know not'
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Influential power
power used to influence or persuade others
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Instrumental power
power used to maintain and enforce authority
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Omission
the leaving out of a phoneme in a group of phonemes clustered together
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Assimilation
the influence exercised by one sound upon the articulation of another, so that the sounds become more alike
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informalisation
the way in which language is becoming increasingly informal in all areas of society
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Divergence
when a person's speech patterns become more individualised and less like those of the other person in the conversation
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Eye dialect
a way of spelling words that suggest a regional or social way of talking
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

features of printed text combined with features expected in conversation

Back

Mixed-mode

Card 3

Front

refers to the study of historical language change occurring over a span of time

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

refers to an approach that studies language at a theoretical point in time without considering the historical context

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

the vocabulary of a language

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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