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6. Parole
- Speaking, Language in use (Can be spoken or written but is non- standardised)
- Language. Overarching system of rules, standardised language
7. Jakobson: Referential/ Informative
- Language is used to explain itself (Questions or explanations of terminology)
- The external situation, the facts of a topic, included reported ideas eg textbook
- The mind of the writer/speaker to express their feelings eg autobiography
- Language used to establish or maintain contact between the addresser and the addressee, spoken code/ conversation, written code: naturally
8. Referent
- The real word object
- Meaning is purely relational (contextual)
- Meaning in relation to all the other words (related terms) which might take its place in a sentence
9. Idiolect
- The speech habits peculiar to a particular person
- The speech habits peculiar to a specific peer group
- The speech habits peculiar to a particular region
- The speech habits peculiar to a social context
10. According to Shannon 1948, what is her language graph?
- Info source, Transmitter, Noise Source, Receiver, Destination
- Context, Addresser, Addressee, Contact between an addresser and addressee, Common code, Message
11. Message-Centred communication is
- Metalinguistic
- Directive
- Poetic
- Phatic
12. Jakobsons 6 Functions
- Context, Message, Sender, Receiver, Channel, Code
- Emotive/Expressive, Referential/Informative, Conative/Directive, Phatic/Interactional, Metalinguistic, Poetic
- Context, Addresser, Addressee, Contact between Addresser and Addressee, Common Code, Message
- Instrumental, Regulatory, Interactional, Personal, Representational, Heuristic
13. Jakobson: Conative/ Directive
- The reader/hearer, the addressee, to convince readers, persuade them eg advertisements/ propaganda
- Language used to establish or maintain contact between the addresser and the addressee, spoken code/ conversation, written code: naturally
- The external situation, the facts of a topic, included reported ideas eg textbook
- Language is used in a creative way (rhymes, similes, metaphors)
14. Phoneme
- The study and classification of speech sounds (pronounciation)
- Measurement of unique words in a text
- Smallest unit of meaningful sound
- Study of rules governing the use of sounds, and how those sounds are organised in a language
15. Discourse Analysis
- The study of forms, shapes and structure
- The set if all words and phrases in a language
- Like pragmatics but performed over a large body of text, a conversation
- The study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation
16. Context-Centred Communication is
- Referential
- Phatic
- Poetic
- Metalinguistic
17. Halliday 1975: Personal
- Language used to learn and explore the environment
- Language used to express the personal preferences and the identity of the speaker
- Language used to explore the imagination
- Language used to exchange information
18. Diachronic
- The study of language across time
- The study of language at a particular moment in time
- The study of what words mean
- Words to develop social relations
19. Jakobson broad functions of language
- Active and Passive
- Affective and Referential
- Informal and Formal
- Setting and Activity
20. Synchronic
- How words are formed
- The study of language across time
- The study of language at a particular moment in time
- The study of what words mean