Jean Aitchison's theory which outlines the way that words come into a language, especially with the rise of technology
pidc
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what is the first stage of PIDC model?
potential
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what is the second stage of PIDC model?
implementation
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what is the third stage of PIDC model?
diffusion
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what is the final stage of PIDC model?
codification
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Change begins gradually, then speeds up, and then slows down again is a theory about word use by Chen
s-curve
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C J Bailey suggested how changes weaken across particular geographical regions, social groups and time periods from strong frequency in origin to weaker in other groups
wave model
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language we use determines how we thing, suggesting that language controls our thoughts
sapir-whorf hypothesis
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the theory which suggests that language impacts our thoughts and reflects our society, but doesn't determine how we think. Loftus and Palmer did a study on describing car crashes to prove this
Linguistic reflectionism
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Jean Aitchison theory on attitudes to language change
metaphors of prescriptivism
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non-standard language is caused by laziness metaphor
damp spoon
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language is in a process of disintegration metaphor
crumbling castle
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we catch non-standard or changed language metaphor
infectious disease
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Guy Deutscher's set of explanations for language change and link to change being human nature
unfolding of language
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Guy Deutscher explanation one: causes language shortcuts to save effort
economy
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Guy Deutscher explanation two: achieve greater effect like empathy
expressiveness
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Guy Deutscher explanation three: instinctive need to find regularity
analogy
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Goodman's theory describes a trend towards the more informal use of language in public contexts to reflect increasing informalisation in society
informalisation
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Haugen's theory which identifies 4 stages of standardisation
four stage process
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Haugen's stage one: choice of a language variety is for a specific purpose associates with status
selection
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Haugen's stage two: stabilisation of the norm selected
codification
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Haugen's stage three: expansion of language functions and the assignment of new codes
elaboration
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Haugen's stage four: actions of institutions adopting and using the codified norm
implementation
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M J Halliday theory stating that language changes according to the needs of the user, explaining that language change is inevitable
functional theory
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W Labov's theory which explains that we adopt ways of speaking and sounds for personal reasons, such as identity and individuality
marthas vineyard
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What did Caxton create in 1476 to help standardise English spelling through books
printing press
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Hockett in 1958 suggested that some language changes happen because of random errors and events, as a response to social and cultural changes
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