Key words p1

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e=mc2 cannot be created or destroyed, only changed
Energy transfer
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light shiny surfaces are bad absorbers of light and heat, dark matt are good.
Absorbing
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all objects emit infrared radiation and light. Same as for absorbing.
Emitting
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transfer of infrared energy by collisions. Cannot occur in a vacuum and is best done in solids.
Conduction
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air/ liquid currents. (think pasta) particles heated and become less dense, so rise. As they cool they gain density so fall and cool particles are sucked in to replace the heated ones.
Convection
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process of changing liquids to a gas.
Evaporation
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cooling of gases into liquids upon contact with cool surfaces
Condensation
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the higher it is the faster heat is lost.
Surface Area: volume ratio
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time taken (years) to save how much the installation cost.
Pay-back time
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is the amount of energy that is needed to be transferred to increase the target by a specific temperature.
Specific heat capacity-
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used to show efficiency of an appliance and where and how much waste and useful energy is used/lost.
Sankey diagrams
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is useful energy out over the total in. will always be lower than 1 and can be shown as a %
Efficiency
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absorb energy from a supplied voltage and then release it as a coloured light.
LED
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(W or KW) rate of energy transfer
Power
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(amps) energy flow
Current
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Kilo watts x hours
Kilowatt hour
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turbines: produce no greenhouse gases and are renewable. However, they can affect landscapes and wildlife.
Wind power
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solar panels: produce no greenhouse gases and are renewable. Take up lots of room and can affect wildlife.
Solar power
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is renewable. Can cause large scale flooding and greenhouse gases.
Hydroelectric
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produces no greenhouse gases and is renewable. Can cause flooding and change water flow.
Tidal power
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reduces landfill and is renewable. It produces greenhouse gases.
Biomass
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no greenhouse are produced. Produces radioactive waste and any accidents have major effects.
Nuclear
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it doesn’t take up much room. It causes pollution in gas and solid form and the mining damages the environment.
Fossil fuels
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is renewable. It can release toxic gases from below the Earth’s surface.
Geothermic power
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is the system that transfers electricity all around the country.
National Grid
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go up and down (oscillating at right angles to the direction of the force) - thinks about water and electromagnetic waves.
Transverse waves
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forwards and back- thinks of pushing a slinky.
Longitudinal
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mirrors and echoes. The bouncing back of the waves/rays.
Reflection
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the bending of waves/ rays through a medium.
Refraction
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the spreading out of waves when passing through a gap. The closer the gap is to the size of the wave the more it spreads out the other side.
Diffraction
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(Hz) how many cycles in a second. Humans can hear between 20-20,000 Hz.
Frequency
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the height of the wave.
Amplitude-
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the length of the wave between the peaks.
Wave length
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the impressions of objects seen through a mirror/ lens and even the eye
Image
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upside down (in comparison to the actual object)
Inverted
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the right way up (in comparison to the actual object)
Upright
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bigger (in comparison to the actual object)
Magnified
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smaller (in comparison to the actual object)
Diminished
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flipped vertically (in comparison to the actual object)
Laterally inverted
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an image is formed on a surface e.g. on photographic film
Real
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seen as a ‘ghost’ of the object
Virtual
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longest can be 10 4 m. Used in TV- short wave lengths, and in radio- long wavelengths. Cannot go through the earth’s atmosphere- gets reflected.
Radio waves
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CAN go through the atmosphere. Used for TV, mobiles and satellite communication. They are strongly absorbed by water so pass through the skin and heat up cells, but no serious risks so far.
Micro waves-
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‘thermal energy’ used in remote controls. Can cause burns.
Infrared waves
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is the light that humans can see (made up of the colours of the spectrum). Exposure to intense visible light can cause damage to the retina.
Visible light
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can cause sunburn, skin damage and skin cancer since the rays are ionising (so ionise DNA and cells causing the genetic code in the nucleus to be killed/ damaged, possible creating mutation to form a cancerous tumour
Ultra violet
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used in hospitals to detect bone injuries (same as above)
X-rays
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used to treat cancer (same as above)
Gamma rays
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thin glass tubes that carry signals along in the form of visible or infrared light. (Internet and TV)
Optical fibres
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is when light repeatedly reflects off a boundary between two different materials (in optical fibres)
Total internal reflection
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signals that can have any value and are continuous.
Analogue signals
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signals that can only be on or off. This means less interference, quality is not affected over distance and the signals can be made stronger without losing information.
Digital signals
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(is like a siren) Used to tell the movement of galaxies.
Doppler effect
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galaxy is moving away from us.
Red-shift
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galaxy is moving away from us.
Blue shift
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is that the whole universe originated from a single point until an explosion which was the start of the Universe.
Big bang theory
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(Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation) Electromagnetic radiation filling the Universe, it was present shortly after the big bang so supports the theory.
CMBR
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

light shiny surfaces are bad absorbers of light and heat, dark matt are good.

Back

Absorbing

Card 3

Front

all objects emit infrared radiation and light. Same as for absorbing.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

transfer of infrared energy by collisions. Cannot occur in a vacuum and is best done in solids.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

air/ liquid currents. (think pasta) particles heated and become less dense, so rise. As they cool they gain density so fall and cool particles are sucked in to replace the heated ones.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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