June 2018 Higher Paper 1

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Eating food containing Salmonella bacteria can cause illness.
Two symptoms of infection by Salmonella are vomiting and diarrhoea.
What causes these symptoms?
toxins/poisons
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Give two ways a person with a mild infection of Salmonella can help prevent the spread of the bacteria to other people.
1. By isolating yourself
2. Washing your hands after using the toilet
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In very serious infections of Salmonella, a doctor can prescribe drugs to kill the bacteria.
What type of drug can the doctor prescribe to kill the bacteria?
antibiotics
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A person with AIDS may take longer than a healthy person to recover from a Salmonella infection.
Explain why.
This is because their immune system doesn't function properly which means the white blood cells cannot kill Salmonella as effectively.
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Salmonella bacteria can be transmitted from chickens to humans. Chickens can be vaccinated to prevent the transmission of Salmonella bacteria to humans.
Suggest one one other way farmers could prevent the transmission of Salmonella from chickens to humans
By giving the chickens antibiotics.
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What measurement would the scientist need to take to calculate the area where no bacteria was growing?
Radius of the area with no bacteria growing.
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The scientist showed the results to the restaurant owner.
Both cleaning liquids cost the same per dm3.
Suggest one other factor the restaurant owner should consider when choosing which cleaning liquid to use.
Ease of use.
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What is metabolism?
It is the sum of the chemical reactions in the cells of the body.
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One metabolic reaction is the formation of lipids. Give one other metabolic reaction in cells.
Photosynthesis
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A student made the following hypothesis about the heart rate of smokers and non-smokers during exercise.
"During exercise, the heart rate of smokers increases more than the heart rate of non-smokers."
Design an investigation that would allow you to test
-two groups of people-smokers and non-smoker
-at least five people in each group
-do same type of exercise
-record heart rate for each person before and after exercise
-calculate increase in heart rate after exercise
-compare the results
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What is the circulatory system composed of?
The blood, blood vessels and the heart.
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Urea is transported in the blood plasma.
Name two other substances transported in the blood plasma.
Carbon dioxide and glucose.
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Some athletes train at high altitude.
Training at high altitude increases the number of red blood cells per cm3 of blood.
Explain why having more red blood cells per cm3 of blood is an advantage to an athlete.
This is an advantage because this means the athlete has more haemoglobin. Therefore more oxygen can be transported for more aerobic respiration of muscle.
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Which two blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery and vena cava.
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Compare the structure of an artery with the structure of a vein.
Veins have valves whereas arteries don't. Veins have a wider lumen than arteries. Veins have a thinner layer of muscle tissue than arteries.
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A patient may be fitted with an artificial pacemaker.
What condition may be treated using an artificial pacemaker?
An irregular heart beat.
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Explain why the masses of the eggs increased.
This is because water entered by osmosis from a dilute solution in the beaker to a more concentrated solution in the egg through a partially permeable membrane.
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Explain how the student could modify the investigation to determine the concentration of the solution inside each egg.
The student could modify the investigation by using five different concentrations of sugar solution in beaker. The student can also modify it by plotting percentage change in mass on a graph and by determining the concentration where the line crosses the
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Explain how calcium ions are moved from the shell into the cytoplasm of the egg.
Ions are moved from an area of low concentration to high concentration by active transport which requires using energy.
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What are aphids?
Aphids are small insects that carry pathogens.
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An aphid feeds by inserting its sharp mouthpiece into the stem of a plant.
Give the reason why the mouthpiece of an aphid contains a high concentration of dissolved sugars after feeding.
This is because the aphid has been feeding from the phloem.
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Plants infected with aphids may show symptoms of magnesium deficiency.
Magnesium deficiency symptoms include: yellow leaves and stunted leaves.
Explain how a deficiency of magnesium could cause these symptoms.
Yellow leaves are due to lack of chlorophyll which means less light is absorbed by chlorophyll and therefore a lower rate of photosynthesis. This means that the plant makes less glucose and therefore the plant coverts less glucose into protein so growth i
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A farmer thinks a potato crop is infected with potato virus Y (PVY). box. The farmer obtains a monoclonal antibody test kit for PVY. To make the monoclonal antibodies a scientist first isolates the PVY protein from the virus.
Describe how the scientist wo
First the scientist injects the protein into a mouse and then combines lymphocytes with cancer cells to make hybridoma cells. After that, you find a hybridoma which makes a monoclonal antibody specific to PVY. Finally the scientist clones the hybridoma to
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give two ways a person with a mild infection of Salmonella can help prevent the spread of the bacteria to other people.

Back

1. By isolating yourself
2. Washing your hands after using the toilet

Card 3

Front

In very serious infections of Salmonella, a doctor can prescribe drugs to kill the bacteria.
What type of drug can the doctor prescribe to kill the bacteria?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

A person with AIDS may take longer than a healthy person to recover from a Salmonella infection.
Explain why.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Salmonella bacteria can be transmitted from chickens to humans. Chickens can be vaccinated to prevent the transmission of Salmonella bacteria to humans.
Suggest one one other way farmers could prevent the transmission of Salmonella from chickens to humans

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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