Investigation of specific infection

?
  • Created by: hadar
  • Created on: 05-02-18 16:05
What is local sampling?
around source of the infection, what the source of the infection is and what is causing the problem and how to treat
1 of 38
What is general sampling?
investigating sepsis and overall well being of the patient Procalcitonin testing levels
2 of 38
What investigations would be done for meningitis?
1)Lumbar puncture- CSF collection 2) blood cultures (2 sets) 3) blood for bacterial PCR 4)FBC, clotting, U&E, LFT, glucose, CRP
3 of 38
What investigations would be done for encephalitis?
CSF requesting for viral PCR specifically (normally herpes simplex caused)
4 of 38
What investigations would be done for brain abscess?
local sampling- 1)pus--> surgical biopsy/ drainage= gram, culture, sensitivity, PCR 2)blood cultures **avoid LP due to increased pressure in brain already
5 of 38
What investigations would be done for acute otitis media?
Clinical diagnosis, viral and bacterial, send pus if ear drum perforated
6 of 38
What investigations would be done for acute otitis external?
Ear swab: determine cause (bact., fungal etc.) and sensitivity
7 of 38
What investigations would be done for rhino-sinusitis?
majority won't- self-limiting if severe--> Pus from operative sinus lavage FBC, Blood Cultures etc.
8 of 38
What investigations would be done for pharyngitis?
Send throat swabs only if evidence bacterial infection Looking only for B-Haem Streps-->Additional tests EBV serology Swab for Diphtheria Pus if Quinsy abscess
9 of 38
What investigations would be done for influenza?
only tests those who need to be treated (vulnerable patient)/ are at risk of transmitting -->Nose/throat swabs- Immunofluorescence vs. PCR
10 of 38
What investigations would be done for pneumonia?
Pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis based on respiratory symptoms, signs and chest XR changes--> CURB65 score
11 of 38
What does the CRUB65 score assess?
Confusion+ Blood Urea nitrogen >7mmol/L+ Respiratory rate >30 bpm+ blood pressure
12 of 38
What investigations would be done for pulmonary tuberculosis? (exposure testing)
exposure testing--> Mantoux IGRA (Interferon G Releasing Assay) (QuantiFERON-TB, T-Spot TB) Rely on intact immune system
13 of 38
What investigations would be done for pulmonary tuberculosis? (symptoms)
pulmonary symptoms--> 3 sputum samples Microscopy & Culture (for 8 weeks) PCR- Rapid, costly, lower sensitivity
14 of 38
What investigations would be done for pneumocysitis?
PCP PCR
15 of 38
What investigations would be done for fungal aspergillus?
Culture, aspergillus antigen
16 of 38
What investigations would be done for atypical viral infection?
viral PCR
17 of 38
What investigations would be done for Localised: impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis?
1) wound swab- send blister fluid/abscess pus 2) needle aspirates from cellulitis(poor determining pathogen) 3) blood cultures (only positive in severe cases
18 of 38
What investigations would be done for necrotising fasciitis?
1) blood cultures (2 sets) 2) bloods- FBC, U&E’s, LFT’s, CRP
19 of 38
What investigations would be done for diabetic foot infection?
mild infection- wound swab moderate/serve infection- bone/tissue sample
20 of 38
What investigations would be done for cystitis? (lower UTI)
Diagnosis is clinical based on the symptoms+ urine dip stick
21 of 38
What investigations would be done for pyelonephritis? (upper UTI)
Diagnosis is clinical based on the symptoms+ urine dip stick
22 of 38
What is Kass criteria?
threshold for “significant bacteriuria”--> describes the likelihood of a urinary tract infection from a mid stream urine specimen.
23 of 38
How can urine be collected?
1)Midstream urine 2)Catheter specimen of urine 3)Suprapubic aspirate 4)Bag
24 of 38
What investigations would be done for Epididymo-orchitis?
1) urine sent for culture 2) urine sent for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea NAAT (PCR)
25 of 38
What investigations would be done for infectious diarrhoea?
1) Stool sample 2) Parasites- one stool not enough (3 samples improves pick up) 3)Bloods: FBC, clotting, U&E’s, LFT’s, CRP 4)Blood Cultures 5)Abdominal Imaging: plane film or CT
26 of 38
What investigations would be done for Helicobacter pylori?
1) H.pylori antibody test 2) H.pylori stool antigen 3) urea breath test 4) biopsy urease test
27 of 38
What needs to be stopped when investigating H.pylori?
PPI's
28 of 38
What investigations would be done for liver abscess?
1) pus 2) stool for OCP 3) blood cultures 4) FBC, U&E, LFT, CRP 5) hydatid serology 6) imaging USS/CT
29 of 38
What investigations would be done for Cholangitis/Cholecystitis?
1)Bloods: FBC, U&E’s, LFT’s, Clotting, amylase 2)Blood Cultures 3)Imaging: USS or CT 4)Bile fluid or Pus (if aspirated/drained)
30 of 38
What investigations would be done for diverticulitis?
1)Pus from abscess 2)Blood Cultures 3)Bloods: FBC, U&E’s, LFT’s, Clotting, amylase 4)Imaging: CT
31 of 38
What investigations would be done for endocarditis?
1)Blood cultures- 3 sets at different times in first 24 hours of suspected infection 2)echocardiography (TTE+TOE) / TOES if PVE suspected 3)Bloods 4)serology for Bartonella, Chlamydia, Coxiella, Brucella 5)imaging (CT,PET,WBC scan fluid around graft
32 of 38
What investigations are done for hepatitis and syphilis?
serological methods to detect and make a diagnosis Serology= looking at antigen and antibodies
33 of 38
What investigations would be done for hepatitis A,B,C?
Based on Serology +/- PCR
34 of 38
What antibody is seen in acute phase infection?
IgM
35 of 38
What antibody is seen in chronic phase infection?
IgG
36 of 38
What does serology look at?
Antigen= looking at the organism Antibody= looking at the body's response
37 of 38
What investigations would be done for syphilis?
1)Screening test including IgM in Primary infection 2)Treponemal Specific Antibody (eg. TPPH, TPHA) 3)Non-Treponemal Specific Antibody (eg. VDRL, RPR)
38 of 38

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is general sampling?

Back

investigating sepsis and overall well being of the patient Procalcitonin testing levels

Card 3

Front

What investigations would be done for meningitis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What investigations would be done for encephalitis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What investigations would be done for brain abscess?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Medicine resources:

See all Medicine resources »See all Investigation of specific infection resources »