Inheritance and Variation

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Inheritance and Variation
Inheritance and Variation
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Evolution
Evolution
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Describe what evolution means?
A change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through the process of natural selection
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What happens over time?
Over time this results in the formation of new species
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What is the theory of evolution through natural selection?
Species of all living things have evolved from simple life forms that first developed 3 billion years ago
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In natural selection of variants (genotypes) that give rise to phenotypes what are they best suited to?
Environment or environmental change e.g. stronger, faster
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What does their Environment or environmental change allow?
For variants to pass on their genotype to the next generation
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What would happen if two populations of one species become s different in phenotype?
They can no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring they have formed two new species
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Classification of living organisms
Classification of living organisms
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What are evolutionary trees?
Evolutionary trees are a method used by scientists to show how organisms are related
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Selective breeding
Selective breeding
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What is selective breeding?
Choosing parents with the desired characteristics from a mixed population
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What is stage 1 of the process for selective breeding?
Chosen parents are bred together
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What is stage 2 of the process for selective breeding?
From the offspring those with desired characteristics are bred together
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What is stage 3 of the process for selective breeding?
Repeat over several generations until all the offspring show the desired characteristics
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What is selective breeding the process by?
The process by which humans breed plants/animals for particular genetic characteristics
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What are desired characteristic chosen for?
Desired characteristics are chosen for usefulness or appearance Disease resistance in food crops
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Give 1 example of choosing characteristics:
Disease resistance in food crops
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Give 1 example of choosing characteristics:
Animals which produce more meat or milk
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Give 1 example of choosing characteristics:
Domestic dogs with a gentle nature
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Give 1 example of choosing characteristics:
Large or unusual flowers
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What can selective breeding lead to?
Inbreeding’ where some breeds are particularly prone to disease or inherited defects e.g. British Bulldogs have breathing difficulties
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Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering
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What is modern medical exploring?
Possibility of genetically modified to over come inherited disorders e.g. cystic fibrosis
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Describe the first stage of the genetic engineering process?
Enzymes are used to isolate the required gene
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Describe the second stage of the genetic engineering process?
Gene is inserted into a vector – bacterial plasmid or virus
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Describe the third stage of the genetic engineering process?
Vector inserts genes into the required cells
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Describe the fourth stage of the genetic engineering process?
Genes are transferred to plants/animals/microbes at an early stage of development so they develop the required characteristic
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What is Genetically modified crops (GMO)?
Crops that have genes from other organisms
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What is the concern of the effect of the genetically modified crops?
Effect of GMO on human health not fully explored and effect of GMO on wild populations of flowers and insects
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Genes from the chromosomes of humans or other organism can be...
‘cut out’ and transferred to the cells
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What do GM crops include?
To become more resistant to insect attack or herbicides
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What do GM crops generally show?
To increase the yield of the crop
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How long have humans been genetically breeding?
For thousands of years since they first bred food from crops and domesticated animals
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Evolution

Back

Evolution

Card 3

Front

Describe what evolution means?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens over time?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the theory of evolution through natural selection?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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