Infection

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What is a microorganism?
any organism too small to be seen by the naked eye
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What is a pathogen?
Microorganisms that cause disease
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What is infection?
the presence of microorganisms causing damage to body tissues
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What is opportunism?
a benign microorganism that becomes pathogenic, due to decreased human host resistance
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What is pathogenicity?
benefits the microorganism but harms the human
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What is commensalism?
benefits the microorganism but does not cause harm to the human
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What is mutualism?
benefits both microorganism and human
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What is symbiosis?
benefits human and does not harm microorganism
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What are the four stages of progression (process of infection)?
1. Colonization
2. Invasion
3. Multiplication
4. Spread
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What is the clinical infectious disease process(from view of infected individual)?
1. incubation period
2. Prodromal stage
3. invasion period
4. Convalescence
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What is fever (pyrexia)?
a rise in body temperature above the normal i.e oral temperature (37.2 degrees Celsius)
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What is a exogeneous pyrogen
it is derived from outside the host
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What is an endogeneous pyrogen?
it is produced by the individual
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What are the classes of infectious microorganisms?
1. bacterial infection
2. viral infection
3. fungal infection
4.parasitic & protozoal infection
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Describe bacteria and its characteristics
- a prokaryotic (no enclosed nucleus), no mitochondria or membrane bound organelles
- unicellular
- reproduce asexually by simple division of cells
- live in soil, water or air
- live in parasites of humans, animals and plants
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What ae the types of unicellular bacterium?
- spherical (COCCI)
- rod-like (BACILLI)
- spiral (SPIRILLA)
- comma-shaped (VIBRIOS)
- corkscrew-shaped (SPIROCHETE)
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What are exotoxins?
proteins released during bacterial growth- a poisonous substance
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What are endotoxins? (lipopolysaccharides, LPS)
released during lysis (destruction) of the bacteria
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What are bacteria that produce endotoxins?
pyrogenic bacteria- they activate inflammatory response and produce fever
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What is bacteremia?
bacteria being transported in the blood due to failure of body's defence mechanisms to infect other organs or multiplying in the blood (sepsis)
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What is a virus?
minute particles that is capable of replication but only within living cells
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What is a simple microorganism?
a microorganism that does not possess metabolic organelles
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What is a viron?
a viron has basic viral structure- it is a nucleic acid protected by protein shell the capsid
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Microorganisms that cause disease

Back

What is a pathogen?

Card 3

Front

the presence of microorganisms causing damage to body tissues

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

a benign microorganism that becomes pathogenic, due to decreased human host resistance

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

benefits the microorganism but harms the human

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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